Результаты поиска

Sporadic detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 using next-generation sequencing in Canadian wastewater in August of 2022.

In July 2022, an unvaccinated young adult living in Rockland County, New York became paralyzed due to a vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) infection that was internationally transmitted. Wastewater surveillance in New York State uncovered VDPV2 in neighboring counties, showing silent community spread. These communities have strong epidemiological links to some vaccine-hesitant communities in Canada, spurring the need to monitor these populations for potential poliovirus importation. At the time, Canada did not have an established poliovirus wastewater method. We initiated this study to …

Characteristics of four natural poliovirus type 1 variants with six-nucleotide deletion (2,783-2,788 nt) in the VP1 region.

Since the establishment of the Chinese acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case surveillance system in 1999, around 7,200 strains of poliovirus (PV) type 1 have been identified and isolated. Among these, the VP1 region of 5,649 strains has been sequenced. Based on the existing VP1 region sequence library, four strains of type 1 PV with six-nucleotide deletion in the VP1 region, identified from AFP cases, healthy children, and environmental sewage samples, were identified, and their biological characteristics were investigated. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed that the similarity with the Sabin …

Looking back at prospective modeling of outbreak response strategies for managing global type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) cessation.

INTRODUCTION: Detection of poliovirus transmission and ongoing oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use continue to delay poliomyelitis eradication. In 2016, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) coordinated global cessation of type 2 OPV (OPV2) for preventive immunization and limited its use to emergency outbreak response. In 2019, GPEI partners requested restart of some Sabin OPV2 production and also accelerated the development of a genetically modified novel OPV2 vaccine (nOPV2) that promised greater genetic stability than monovalent Sabin OPV2 (mOPV2). METHODS: We reviewed integrated ri…

Cross-neutralization Capacity of Immune Serum from Different Dosage of Sabin Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Immunization against Multiple Individual Polioviruses.

Introduction: Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) developed by Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., has shown good safety and immunogenicity against parental strains among infants in several finished pre-licensure clinical trials.Areas covered: To further study the neutralizing capacity of investigational sIPV immune serum against Sabin, Salk and recently circulating poliovirus strains, neutralization assay against ten individual strains was performed on backup serum collected from 250 infant participants of the finished phase II clinical trial.Expert commentary:: The sIPV can generate go…

Risk Assessment and Virological Monitoring Following an Accidental Exposure to Concentrated Sabin Poliovirus Type 3 in France, November 2018.

The safe and secure containment of infectious poliovirus (PV) in facilities where live PV are handled is the condition to achieve and maintain poliomyelitis eradication. Despite precautions to minimize the risk of release of PV from such facilities to the environment, breaches of containment have already been documented. Here, we report the management of an incident that occurred on 30 November 2018 in a French vaccine manufacturing plant. Five adequately vaccinated operators were exposed to a Sabin poliovirus type 3 (PV3) spill. A microbiological risk assessment was conducted and the operator…

Immunogenicity of four doses of oral poliovirus vaccine when co-administered with the human neonatal rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB).

BACKGROUND: The RV3-BB human neonatal rotavirus vaccine was developed to provide protection from severe rotavirus disease from birth. The ai … 282) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV group, n = 333). Serum samples were tested for antibodies to poliovirus strains 1, 2 and 3 by neutralization assays following doses 1 and 4 of OPV. RESULTS: Sero-protective rates to poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3 were similar (range 0.96-1.00) after four doses of OPV co-administered with RV3-BB compared with placebo. Serum …

New insights into physiopathology of immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus infection; systematic review of over 5 decades of data.

Widespread administration of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has decreased global incidence of poliomyelitis by ≈99.9%. However, the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) is threatening polio-eradication program. Primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients are at higher risks of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and prolonged excretion of immunodeficiency-associated VDPV (iVDPV). We searched Embase, Medline, Science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and CDC and WHO databases by 30 September 2016, for all reports of iVDPV cases. Patient-level data were extracted form eligibl…

Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine/Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine Switch in the African Region.

The Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic plan outlines the phased removal of oral polio vaccines (OPVs), starting with type 2 poliovirus-containing vaccine and introduction of inactivated polio vaccine in routine immunization to mitigate against risk of vaccine-associated paralytic polio and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. The objective includes strengthening routine immunization as the primary pillar to sustaining high population immunity. After 2 years without reporting any wild poliovirus (July 2014-2016), the region undertook the synchronized switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV) to …

Randomized controlled clinical trial of fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine administered intradermally by needle-free device in Cuba.

BACKGROUND: As part of an evaluation of strategies to make inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) affordable for developing countries, we conducted a clinical trial of fractional doses of IPV in Cuba. METHODS: We compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of fractional-dose IPV (0.1 mL, or 1/5 of a full dose) given intradermally using a needle-free jet injector device compared with full doses given intramuscularly. Subjects were randomized at birth to receive IPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 471 subjects were randomized to the 2 study groups, and 364 subjects fulfilled the s…

Репликация полиомиелитвируса в зависимости от возраста в центральной нервной системе мыши определяется внутренним рибосомным переводом на сайт.

Клетки мышей не допускают воспроизведения носорогов человеческого типа 2 (HRV2). Для определения роли внутреннего рибосомного участка HRV2 (IRES) в определении специфичности видов был построен рекомбинантный полиомиелит (P1/HRV2) путем замены полиомиелитной IRS на IRS из HRV2. Этот рекомбинантный вирус воспроизведен во всех обследованных линиях человеческих и муринных клеток, что свидетельствует о том, что HRV2 IRES не ограничивает вирусное воспроизведение в трансформированных муринных клетках. P1/HRV2 реплицируется в мозгу и спинном мозге у неонатальных, но не у взрослых трансгенетических мыш

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Mouse cells are not permissive for the replication of human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2). To determine the role of the HRV2 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in determining species specificity, a recombinant poliovirus (P1/HRV2) was constructed by substituting the poliovirus IRES with the IRES from HRV2. This recombinant virus replicated in all human and murin…

Частичная последовательность генов VP1/2A, основанная на молекулярной эпидемиологии диких полиомиелитов типа 1, изолируется от некоторых частей Индии.

Геномическая изменчивость в последовательности связей VP1/2A между полиомиелитами со всего мира выявила существование нескольких эндемических генотипов и их эпидемиологические взаимосвязи; однако такие данные об изолирующих индейцах являются незначительными. Цель нынешней работы заключалась в определении стойкости и характера передачи различных генотипов диких вирусов типа 1, циркулирующих в Индии. Сорок восемь изолирующих полиомиелитвирусов типа 1, полученных из различных районов Индии в 1996-8 годах, подвергались последовательности RT-PCR и нуклеотида с использованием хвостовых капсюлей M13.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Genomic variability within the sequences of VP1/2A junction among polioviruses from across the globe has revealed the existence of several endemic genotypes and their epidemiological inter-relationships; but such data on Indian isolates are scanty. The present work was intended to ascertain the persistence and transmission pattern of different genotypes of w…

Poliovirus surveillance in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, reveals encephalomyocarditis virus type 1 and a wide diversity of non-polio enteroviruses.

BACKGROUND: In 2023, Mayotte, a French department in the Mozambique channel, experienced a long drought that led to potable water restrictions. Although the French vaccination schedule makes polio vaccination compulsory for children, the large proportion of migrants on the island coupled with the water crisis raised concerns about the establishment of poliovirus transmission chains. Therefore, a surveillance was implemented to detect polioviruses in sewage sampled in the two main wastewater treatment plants. METHODS: Samples collected from September 2023 through January 2024 were processed fo…

Performance comparison of rapid and native barcoding methods for Oxford Nanopore sequencing of Poliovirus Viral Protein 1 (VP1) amplicons.

Accurate and timely sequencing of poliovirus is critical for global eradication efforts, particularly for molecular epidemiology based on the typing region of the genome, viral protein 1 (VP1). While Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing has expanded capabilities for poliovirus surveillance, the relative performance of different ONT library preparation methods, including ligation-based (Native Barcoding) and transposase-based (Rapid Barcoding) approaches, has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we compared rapid barcoding and native barcoding workflows for sequencing VP1 …

A Panel of VHH Antibodies Against Sabin Type 1 Poliovirus D-Antigen Reveals Strain-Specific and Cross-Serotype Reactivity.

Vaccination remains the primary strategy for poliomyelitis prevention. The D-antigen of poliovirus is a critical component of inactivated polio vaccines, as it induces the production of neutralizing antibodies and provides protective immunity. Therefore, the development of quantitative immunoassays for monitoring D-antigen content during vaccine production is an important task. In this study, we generated recombinant camelid single-domain antibodies (VHHs) specific for the D-antigen of Sabin poliovirus type 1 and evaluated their antigen specificity. The obtained VHH antibodies demonstrated str…

Immunogenicity and safety of sequential Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine from different manufacturers in infants: Randomized, blinded, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The National Immunization Program allows using a different manufacturer's vaccine for follow-up doses when the same vaccine is u … sed using per-protocol and safety populations, respectively. RESULTS: The seroconversion rates for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 79.52 %, 67.47 %, and 74.70 % in the experimental group, respectively, compared to 73.56 %, 49.43 %, and 63.22 % in the control group, with P-values of 0.360, 0.017, and 0.106, respectively. The most common systemic adverse ev …

Low-grade persistent poliovirus infection in long-term polio survivors diagnosed with post-polio syndrome: diagnostic and clinical implications.

Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) remains unclear. We investigated 251 participants from Northern Italy: long-term polio survivors with PPS, long-term polio survivors with stable polio, family members of both groups, subjects with neurological disorders other than poliomyelitis, and healthy controls. This study investigated whether persistent viral activity or the existence of viral reservoirs contributes to causing PPS. Poliovirus (PV) genomes and proteins were detected in 87.2% of PPS cases versus 12.0% of stable polio cases and 3.5% of control family …

Curbing an outbreak of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 in Dollo Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia: response to outbreak.

INTRODUCTION: although the oral polio vaccine prevents virus transmission from person to person, it is crucial for poliovirus eradication. The continued use of live attenuated poliovirus poses an ongoing risk of circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus-2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks. This study assesses the response to the cVDPV2 outbreak in Dollo Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: after examining and verifying the occurrence of the outbreak, a team was established and prepared by resource mobilization, advocacy, and social mobilization. The group endorsed a four-step vaccination strategy, first the…

Vial usage, device dead space, vaccine wastage, and dose accuracy of intradermal delivery devices for inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).

INTRODUCTION: Intradermal delivery of a fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) offers potential benefits compared to intramuscular (IM) delivery, including possible cost reductions and easing of IPV supply shortages. Objectives of this study were to assess intradermal delivery devices for dead space, wastage generated by the filling process, dose accuracy, and total number of doses that can be delivered per vial. METHODS: Devices tested included syringes with staked (fixed) needles (autodisable syringes and syringes used with intradermal adapters), a luer-slip needle and syri…

Response to a wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2)-shedding event following accidental exposure to WPV2, the Netherlands, April 2017.

On 3 April 2017, a wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2) spill occurred in a Dutch vaccine manufacturing plant. Two fully vaccinated operators with risk of exposure were advised on stringent personal hygiene and were monitored for virus shedding. Poliovirus (WPV2-MEF1) was detected in the stool of one, 4 days after exposure, later also in sewage samples. The operator was isolated at home and followed up until shedding stopped 29 days after exposure. No further transmission was detected.