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Tenofovir use and pregnancy among women initiating HAART.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have raised concerns about a change in rates of pregnancy among HIV-negative women exposed to tenofovir. Here, our objective was to determine among HIV-positive women whether use of tenofovir at HAART initiation or thereafter is associated with subsequent changes in incidence of pregnancy. DESIGN: Analysis of prospectively collected clinical data. METHODS: We used Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression to estimate hazard ratios and odds ratios for the association of baseline tenofovir use and first incident pregnancy. We used marginal structural Cox…

First reported case of tenofovir-induced photoallergic reaction.

A 50-year-old man, a known case of human immunodeficiency virus infection for the past 1 year, was on antiretroviral therapy in the form of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. Three days after replacing stavudine with tenofovir, he developed redness on the face and neck and within 48 h the rash became generalized. Dermatological examination revealed involvement of photoexposed areas of the face in the form of erythema and ill-defined hyperpigmented plaques, with mild periorbital edema. There was specific involvement of V and nape of the neck. Extensive erythema and scaling were also present…

Brief Report: No Difference in Urine Tenofovir Levels in Patients Living With HIV on Unboosted Versus Dose-Adjusted Boosted Tenofovir Alafenamide.

BACKGROUND: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is increasingly used in HIV treatment, with or without agents that require pharmacologic boosters such as ritonavir/cobicistat. Boosters increase TAF levels, so the TAF dose is lowered in single-pill combinations. We hypothesized that individuals on dose-adjusted boosted TAF would have similar urine tenofovir (TFV) concentrations to those on unboosted TAF. SETTING/METHODS: We collected urine samples from patients with HIV on TAF, with evidence of virologic suppression and high self-reported adherence at 2 San Francisco clinics from June 2019 to January …

Weight and Metabolic Changes After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in People Living With HIV : A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become first-line in all major HIV treatment guidelines. Compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has a favorable renal and bone safety profile, but concerns about metabolic complications remain. OBJECTIVE: To assess weight changes, the development of overweight/obesity, and changes in lipid levels 18 months after replacing TDF with TAF. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: 5 university hospitals, affiliated hospitals, and private physicians in Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: 4375 adults living with HIV…

Efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in preventing HBV vertical transmission of high maternal viral load.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health problem and > 42-52% of patients are infected during perinatal period. Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have been widely recognized as the main compounds used for antiviral treatment of hepatitis B. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of TAF in reducing HBV vertical transmission. METHODS: A total of 72 pregnant women, who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly divided into the TDF (300 mg/day, n = 36) and TAF (25 mg/day, n = 36) groups. Clinical and labor…

Efficacy of Oral Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine Combination or Single-Agent Tenofovir Alafenamide Against Vaginal Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Macaques.

BACKGROUND: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based regimens are being evaluated for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We used a macaque model of repeated exposures to simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) to investigate whether TAF alone or the combination of TAF and emtricitabine (FTC) can prevent vaginal infection. METHODS: Pigtail macaques were exposed vaginally to SHIV162p3 once a week for up to 15 weeks. Animals received clinical doses of FTC/TAF (n = 6) or TAF (n = 9) orally 24 hours before and 2 hours after each weekly virus exposure. Infection was compared with 21 untreated controls. …

Long-term efficacy and safety of emtricitabine plus tenofovir DF vs. tenofovir DF monotherapy in adefovir-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Suboptimal virologic response to nucleos(t)ide analogs may represent a significant risk factor for resistance development in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection; treatment options have not been well studied. We evaluated long-term efficacy and safety of tenofovir alone and in combination with emtricitabine in a prospective, placebo-controlled trial in patients who remained viremic on adefovir therapy. METHODS: Hepatitis B e antigen-positive and -negative patients with hepatitis B virus DNA ⩾ 1000 copies/ml despite up to 96 weeks of adefovir were randomized to …

Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Preventing Vertical Transmission in Chronic Hepatitis B Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: International guidelines recommend maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy accompanied by infant immunoprophylaxis to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in highly viremic mothers. However, pooled analyses for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) effects and comparisons between the 2 regimens are lacking. DESIGN: In this meta-analysis, pairs of independent reviewers performed multiple database searches from inception to 31 March 2024 and extracted data from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in highly viremic mothers. The outc…

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Treatment of Tenofovir Alafenamide vs Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Chronic Hepatitis B in Vietnam.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a contagious condition posing a major public health risk in various nations, including Vietnam. In 2019, the Ministry of Health introduced tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to treat patients with chronic HBV infection and reduce the long-term toxicity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of these 2 medications in individuals with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic HBV. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included data collected from the medical records of patients with chro…

Virologic efficacy of tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir as second-line antiretroviral therapy in adults failing a tenofovir-based first-line regimen.

OBJECTIVE: Recycling tenofovir and lamivudine/emtricitabine (XTC) with dolutegravir would provide a more tolerable, affordable, and scalable second-line regimen than dolutegravir with an optimized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone. We evaluated efficacy of tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) in patients failing first-line tenofovir/XTC/efavirenz or nevirapine. DESIGN: Single arm, prospective, interventional study. SETTING: Two primary care clinics in Khayelitsha, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty adult patients with two viral loads greater than 1000 copies/ml. …

Vaginally delivered tenofovir disoproxil fumarate provides greater protection than tenofovir against genital herpes in a murine model of efficacy and safety.

Increased susceptibility to genital herpes in medroxyprogesterone-treated mice may provide a surrogate of increased HIV risk and a preclinical biomarker of topical preexposure prophylaxis safety. We evaluated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in this murine model because an intravaginal ring eluting this drug is being advanced into clinical trials. To avoid the complications of surgically inserting a ring, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)-stable formulations of TDF were prepared. One week of twice-daily 0.3% TDF gel was well tolerated and did not result in any increase in HSV-2 susceptibility but…

The predicted risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as a result of treatment-associated obesity in a hypothetical population receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz.

OBJECTIVE: Integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir (DTG), are associated with weight gain and obesity, especially when combined with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Obesity increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This study aimed to predict the risk of APOs caused by treatment-associated obesity, using a hypothetical sample based on the ADVANCE trial. DESIGN: Risk prediction. METHODS: Firstly, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the relative risk (RR) for APOs in women with obese (≥30) versus normal prepregnancy BMIs (18.5-24.9). For the hypothetical sample, 3000 no…

Вирологическая реакция на лечение ламивудина и тенофовира у пациента, страдающего хроническим гепатитом B и имеющего потенциальное сопротивление тенофовиру: доклад.

Было зарегистрировано лишь несколько случаев сопротивления тенофовиру, и по-прежнему не ясно, какое лечение должно оказываться в таких случаях. Мы намеревались поделиться случаем хронического гепатита В с потенциальным сопротивлением тенофовиру, который требовал комбинированной ламивудинной и тенофовирной терапии для достижения адекватного подавления вирусом. Вирусная нагрузка пациента (plasma) отслеживалась с помощью теста на гепатит B на кобассе 6800. Оценка резистентности к антивирусным препаратам (AVDR) была произведена на основе ампликонной последовательности. Плазма была извлечена с помо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Few cases of tenofovir resistance have been reported, and the appropriate treatment for such cases remains unclear. We aimed to share a case of a chronic hepatitis B mono-infected patient with potential tenofovir resistance who required combined lamivudine and tenofovir therapy to achieve adequate viral suppression. The patient's viral load (plasma) was moni…

Comparison of the Effects of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) on Liver Function in Patients with Hepatitis B: A Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This is a meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) so as to provide a reference for clinical medication. METHODS: Relevant literature about TDF and TAF in the treatment of CHB was searched in the literature databases, and two researchers two researchers conducted independent cross-screening conducted independent cross-screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The authors, publication time, research subjects. The literature quality was evaluated by, and…

Tenofovir-induced Fanconi syndrome and osteomalacia in two HIV-infected patients: role of intracellular tenofovir diphosphate levels and review of the literature.

We present 2 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced Fanconi syndrome, leading to osteomalacia. Intracellular tenofovir diphosphate levels were measured in 1 patient and were found to be very high, with plasma tenofovir levels just slightly elevated. Fibroblast growth factor-23, a phosphaturic hormone, was decreased in both patients and is therefore unlikely to have a pathophysiological role in this pathology. The different potential factors contributing to the development of tenofovir-related kidney proximal tubular dysfunction are discussed a…

Tenofovir alafenamide promotes weight gain and impairs fatty acid metabolism-related signaling pathways in visceral fat tissue compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with rapid weight gain, which appears to be antiretroviral-specific. Tenofovir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor commonly employed as a backbone in many ART formulations. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been associated with significant weight gain in people living with HIV (PLWH) initiating ART. Interestingly, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has no impact on weight or may even be weight suppressive. The current study compared the impact of two tenofovir-based ART formulations on weight and adipose tissue. We utilized a humani…

Ledipasvir and tenofovir drug interaction in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus coinfected patients: Impact on tenofovir trough concentrations and renal safety.

We evaluate the impact of ledipasvir on both tenofovir plasma trough concentration and estimated glomerular renal function in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus coinfected patients receiving a tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen and treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Twenty-six patients [81% male, median age: 51 years; hepatitis C virus genotype 1(75%)/4(15%)] were included. Tenofovir trough concentration (interquartile range) increased from 78 ng ml-1 (53-110) at baseline to 141 ng ml-1 (72-176) at 1 month (P = 0.003). No significant difference on estimated glomerular renal fu…

Longitudinal Changes in Tenofovir and Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations Among Pregnant Women Using Oral PrEP for HIV Prevention: Findings From Durban, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are vulnerable to HIV acquisition. Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective for use during pregnancy. We describe PrEP adherence among pregnant women using multiple measures. METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis among women enrolled in a study evaluating an adherence intervention for PrEP among those planning for and with pregnancy in South Africa. Our analysis included women who used PrEP and became pregnant. Longitudinal PrEP use was assessed using concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in plasma, tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried…