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Identifying resonant frequencies of viruses for microwave-based detection and inactivation of pathogenic viruses.

The natural vibrational frequencies of biological particles encode critical information about their structures and properties. The natural vibrational frequencies have been explored for early detection and inactivation of viruses. The resonant frequency-based biophysical methods present an interesting alternative to traditional vaccine and drug treatment against the spread and infection of pathogenic viruses. However, measuring natural vibrational frequencies of a single virion in a biological environment is challenging. Assigning structural features to measured spectra is even more difficult.…

When Bacteria and Viruses Collide: A Tale of Chlamydia trachomatis and Sexually Transmitted Viruses.

The global incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains high, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that over 1 … on-cultivable state. The co-infections of CT with the most frequently reported sexually transmitted viruses: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. These research studies have made significant strides in unraveling the intricate interaction …

Human oncogenic viruses: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and their role in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Chronic infections caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the main risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. Both viruses cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from healthy carrier state to acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC. HBV and HCV belong to different viral families (Hepadnoviridae and Flaviviridae, respectively); they are characterized by different genetic structures. Clinical manifestations of these viral infections result from the interaction between these viruses and host hepatocyt…

Small viruses reveal bidirectional evolution between HK97-fold viruses and encapsulins via procapsids.

The HK97-fold is an ancient, conserved protein structure that assembles protein shells, forming the capsids of Duplodnaviria viruses and prokaryotic biochemical compartments called encapsulsins. It has been proposed that encapsulins evolved from HK97-fold viruses. But the higher complexity of viral capsids represents a biophysical paradox in the evolution of HK97-fold protein shells. To resolve this problem, we hypothesize the existence of simpler HK97-fold viral capsids associated with smaller genomes than those of known HK97-fold viruses. Such small viral genomes are searched in environmenta…

Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover?

The critical step in the emergence of a new epidemic or pandemic viral pathogen occurs after it infects the initial spillover host and then is successfully transmitted onwards, causing an outbreak chain of transmission within that new host population. Crossing these choke points sets a pathogen on the pathway to epidemic emergence. While many viruses spill over to infect new or alternative hosts, only a few accomplish this transition-and the reasons for the success of those pathogens are still unclear. Here, we consider this issue related to the emergence of animal viruses, where factors invol…

Detection of viruses and body fluids which may contain viruses in the domestic environment.

The domestic environment was investigated for the presence of viruses and body fluids that may contain viruses. A range of surfaces in 39 homes (17 visited on 2 occasions) were sampled by swabbing and analysed using cell culture, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for enteroviral RNA, haemoglobin as a marker for blood, amylase as an indicator of urine, saliva and sweat, and protein as an indicator of general hygiene. Haemoglobin was found on 1.9% of surfaces sampled and of the positive samples 30% were from articles frequently handled. Amylase (> 5 U/l) was found in 29.3% of sampl…

Fecal Respiratory Viruses in Acute Viral Respiratory Infection and Nasopharyngeal Diarrheal Viruses in Acute Viral Gastroenteritis: Clinical Impact of Ectopic Viruses Is Questionable.

Our aim was to determine the detection rate of respiratory viruses (RVs) in feces of patients with acute viral respiratory infection (AVRI) and the detection rate of diarrheal viruses (DVs) in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with acute viral gastroenteritis. The relationships between the presence of fecal RVs or nasopharyngeal DVs and their impacts on the clinical severity were also investigated. A total of 144 fecal specimens were collected from AVRI patients and 95 nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from acute viral gastroenteritis patients. Clinical characteristics and laboratory …

Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses.

Metagenomic studies have demonstrated that viruses are extremely diverse and abundant in insects, but the difficulty of isolating them means little is known about the biology of these newly discovered viruses. To overcome this challenge in Drosophila, we created a cell line that was more permissive to infection and detected novel viruses by the presence of double-stranded RNA. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by isolating La Jolla virus (LJV) and Newfield virus (NFV) from several wild Drosophila populations. These viruses have different potential host ranges, with distinct abilities t…

Боковой Gene Translation между Girant Viruses of Family Mimiviridae и Chlamidiae.

Обязанность к внутриклеточному хламидии разошлась в патогенном и экологическом хламидии 0,7-1,4 миллиарда лет назад. В то время как патогенные хламидии адаптировались к широкому кругу позвоночных, экологические хламидии обитают в одноклеточном амебе, свободном акантамоэбе. Однако вопрос о том, каким образом и почему произошло это расхождение, остается неясным. В то же время были обнаружены гигантские вирусы, состоящие из вирусов протозоа и вирусов, связанных с вирусом протозоа, при этом предполагается, что первая группа в большей степени повлияла на окружающую среду хламидиаи во время их эволю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Obligate intracellular chlamydiae diverged into pathogenic and environmental chlamydiae 0.7-1.4 billion years ago. While pathogenic chlamydiae have adapted to a wide range of vertebrates, environmental chlamydiae inhabit unicellular amoebae, the free-living Acanthamoeba. However, how and why this divergence occurred remains unclear. Meanwhile, giant viruses …

The Efficacy of Giant Phikz Viruses in Degrading Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Comparison to Pbuna Viruses.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses major public health threats, due to its robust, treatment-resistant biofilms, which contribute to multi-drug resistance. Bacteriophages offer a promising alternative. This study evaluates giant Phikzvirus and conventional Pbunavirus phages against pre-formed biofilms from four multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. We tested six phages (three Phikzvirus, three Pbunavirus) against four clinical strains, isolated from chronic urological and pulmonary infections (Ur1, Ur14, Lu3, Lu9) at MOIs 0.001-0.1, quantifying biofilm biomass by crystal violet and v

Antigenic cooperation in viral populations: Maximal load on viruses and self-sufficiency of persistent viruses.

The paper continues the study of the phenomenon of local immunodeficiency in viral cross-immunoreactivity networks, with a focus on the roles and interactions between central and persistent viral variants. As usual, only the state of stable (i.e. observable) local immunodeficiency is analyzed. First, we show that a single central viral variant has an upper limit for the number of persistent viral variants that it can support. Our findings reveal that in viral cross-immunoreactivity networks, central viruses act essentially autonomously from each other. Namely, connections between central virus…

Impact of Sample Storage Time and Temperature on the Stability of Respiratory Viruses and Enteric Viruses in Wastewater.

Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has been widely used to track SARS-CoV-2 as well as many other viruses in communities during the COVID pandemic and post-pandemic. However, it is still not clear how temperature and storage time would influence the stability of viruses in wastewater. In this study, we assessed the stability of SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), influenza viruses A (IAV) and B (IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and enteric viruses in raw wastewater stored at room temperature, 4 °C, and -20 °C for 3 and 6 days. SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, IAV, and enteric viruses were…

Detection of human viruses in patients with chronic periodontitis and the relationship between viruses and clinical parameters.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that various human viruses, especially cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus type-1 (EBV-1), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), seem to play a part in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. Little information is available on the relationship between these viruses and clinical periodontal parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. This study examined the occurrence of HCMV, EBV-1, and HSV in patients with chronic periodontitis and the relationship between these viruses and clinical parameters. METHODS: A nested polymerase chain reaction …

X-Ray Crystallography of Viruses.

Since the 1970s and for about 40 years, X-ray crystallography has been by far the most powerful approach for determining virus structures at … Landmarks of the structure determination of viral particles, such as the ones from the first animal viruses or from the first membrane-containing viruses, have often been associated with methodological breakthroughs in X-ray crystallography.In recent years, the advent of new detectors with fast frame rate, high sensitivity, and low-noise background has ch …

mRNA vaccines against respiratory viruses.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The successes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines have accelerated the development of mRNA vaccines … ucted among children. Clinical trials of mRNA vaccines combining antigens from multiple respiratory viruses are underway. SUMMARY: The development of mRNA vaccines against respiratory viruses has progressed rapidly in recent years. Promising vaccine candidates are moving through the clinical development pathway to test their efficacy in preventing diseas …

Antiviral resistance in influenza viruses.

Influenza represents a major threat to public health worldwide, vaccination is the most effective strategy to reduce infections. However, achieving adequate vaccination rates is challenging and vaccination does not always guarantee complete protection. For this reason, antiviral drugs represent an important measure to reduce the risk of complications in high-risk patients. However, influenza viruses have a high mutation rate which causes genetic, biochemical, and pathogenic changes that represent a challenge both for the constant replacement of vaccines and reduce their susceptibility to antiv…

Viral Interference between Respiratory Viruses.

Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract and lead to virus‒virus interactions. Infection by a first virus could enhance or reduce infection and replication of a second virus, resulting in positive (additive or synergistic) or negative (antagonistic) interaction. The concept of viral interference has been demonstrated at the cellular, host, and population levels. The mechanisms involved in viral interference have been evaluated in differentiated airway epithelial cells and in animal models susceptible to the respiratory viruses of interest. A li…

[Viruses to rescue health: Vaccination].

Viruses have been used as tools to prevent viral infections themselves for more than two centuries with impressive success. After the empirical discoveries of the first vaccines, today the development of genetic engineering, molecular virology, reverse genetics, the manipulation of viral genomes, their high-throughput sequencing and their chemical synthesis, the mastery of cell culture and purification methods have greatly benefited the development of viral vaccines. Since smallpox and rabies, the history of vaccinology has followed in the footsteps of the history of virology. New mRNA or vira…

Medicinal Mushrooms against Influenza Viruses.

This review provides results obtained by scientists from different countries on the antiviral activity of medicinal mushrooms against influenza viruses that can cause pandemics. Currently, the search for antiviral compounds is relevant in connection with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Medicinal mushrooms contain biologically active compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, terpenes, melanins, etc.) that exhibit an antiviral effect. The authors present the work carried out at the State Research Center of Virol…