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Simplified antibiotic treatment for paediatric osteoarticular infections achieved good outcomes.

AIM: Early diagnosis of osteoarticular infections (OAI) in children and effective treatment prevents complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate effectiveness and safety of shortened intravenous antibiotic treatment of OAI. Incidence, diagnostics and pathogens of paediatric OAI were assessed. METHODS: This retrospective study included all paediatric OAI admissions to The Children's Hospital Iceland in 2006-2020. The treatment was evaluated by dividing the study cohort into two groups. The simplified treatment group received intravenous antibiotics for less than 7 days. The long

Achieving Molecular Profiling in Pleural Biopsies: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Pleural biopsy findings offer greater diagnostic sensitivity in malignant pleural effusions compared with pleural fluid. The adequacy of pleural biopsy techniques in achieving molecular marker status has not been studied, and such information (termed "actionable" histology) is critical in providing a rational, efficient, and evidence-based approach to diagnostic investigation. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the adequacy of various pleural biopsy techniques at providing adequate molecular diagnostic information to guide treatment in malignant pleural effusions? STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD

Адено-ассоциированные вирусы для моделирования неврологических заболеваний животных: достижения и перспективы.

Векторы вируса Адено (AAV) стали привлекательным инструментом для эффективной передачи генов в ткани животных. Широко изученные в качестве средств для терапевтических разработок в области генной терапии, AAV также применяются для создания животных моделей генетических расстройств человека. Неврологические расстройства трудно моделировать у лабораторных животных путем трансгенеза или редактирования генома, по крайней мере частично из-за эмбриональной летальной способности и времени возникновения заболевания. Поэтому передача генов с векторами AAV обеспечивает более гибкий вариант имитации генет

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become an attractive tool for efficient gene transfer into animal tissues. Extensively studied as … eneral principles for the development and use of AAVs in modeling neurological diseases. The latest achievements in AAV-mediated modeling of the common (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ataxias, etc.) and ultra-rare disorders affecting the central nervous system are described. The use of AAVs to create multiple animal models of neurological dis …

Microaggressions in our daily workplace encounters: a barrier to achieving diversity and inclusion.

Originally coined in 1970 by Dr. Chester Pierce, the term "microaggression" encompasses any subtle insult or informal degradation of a member of any socially marginalized group. While incidents of blatant racism and sexism might be deterred by zero-tolerance policies in the workforce, microaggressions still plague our daily interactions with colleagues and patients alike. In this paper we define and categorize microaggressions using real-world examples, describe their repercussions and provide ways to appropriately respond to microaggressions on a personal and institutional level.

A systematic review on thyroid organoid models: time-trend and its achievements.

Current in vitro models have played important roles in improving knowledge and understanding of cellular and molecular biology, but cannot exactly recapitulate the physiology of human tissues such as thyroid. In this article, we conducted a systematic review to present scientific and methodological time-trends of the reconstruction and generation of 3 D functional thyroid follicles and organoids for thyroid research in health and disease. "Web of Science (ISI)", "Scopus", "Embase", "Cochrane Library", and "PubMed" were systematically searched for papers published since 1950 to May 2020 in Engl

iPSC-Cardiomyocyte Models of Brugada Syndrome-Achievements, Challenges and Future Perspectives.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia that predisposes to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. It originates from oligogenic alterations that affect cardiac ion channels or their accessory proteins. The main hurdle for the study of the functional effects of those variants is the need for a specific model that mimics the complex environment of human cardiomyocytes. Traditionally, animal models or transient heterologous expression systems are applied for electrophysiological investigations, each of these models having their limitations. The ability to create ind

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Urology: Reporting Standards to Achieve Fluency for Urologists.

The growth and adoption of artificial intelligence has led to impressive results in urology. As artificial intelligence grows more ubiquitous, it is important to establish artificial intelligence literacy in the workforce. To this end, we present a narrative review of the literature of artificial intelligence and machine learning in urology and propose a checklist of reporting standards to improve readability and evaluate the current state of the literature. The listed article demonstrated heterogeneous reporting of methodologies and outcomes, limiting generalizability of research. We hope tha

Designer Heme Proteins: Achieving Novel Function with Abiological Heme Analogues.

Heme proteins have proven to be a convenient platform for the development of designer proteins with novel functionalities. This is achieved by substituting the native iron porphyrin cofactor with a heme analogue that possesses the desired properties. Replacing the iron center of the porphyrin with another metal provides one inroad to novel protein function. A less explored approach is substitution of the porphyrin cofactor with an alternative tetrapyrrole macrocycle or a related ligand. In general, these ligands exhibit chemical properties and reactivity that are distinct from those of porphyr

Achieving adequate growth in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia prior to discharge.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To evaluate the enteral feeding requirements, including caloric provisions, of infants with CDH in relation to growth patterns. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on infants with CDH between August 2012 and March 2017. Electronic medical records were reviewed to extract detailed infant feeding data and anthropometric measurements at monthly intervals until discharge. Statistical methods of analysis included generalized linear models, Pearson correlation coefficient, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum, and Fisher's Exact

The X chromosome from telomere to telomere: key achievements and future opportunities.

While the human genome represents the most accurate vertebrate reference assembly to date, it still contains numerous gaps, including centromeric and other large repeat-containing regions - often termed the "dark side" of the genome - many of which are of fundamental biological importance. Miga et al.1,2 present the first gapless assembly of the human X chromosome, with the help of ultra-long-read nanopore reads generated for the haploid complete hydatidiform mole (CHM13) genome. They reconstruct the ~3.1 megabase centromeric satellite DNA array and map DNA methylation patterns across complex

Deep learning for detection of radiographic sacroiliitis: achieving expert-level performance.

BACKGROUND: Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints are commonly used for the diagnosis and classification of axial spondyloarthritis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an artificial neural network for the detection of definite radiographic sacroiliitis as a manifestation of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: Conventional radiographs of the sacroiliac joints obtained in two independent studies of patients with axSpA were used. The first cohort comprised 1553 radiographs and was split into training (n = 1324) and validation (n = 229) sets. The second cohort comprised 458 ra

Utilization of a Bovine Xenograft to Achieve Dental Root Coverage: A Pilot Study.

Eight patients with 38 Miller Class I, II, and III gingival recession defects were treated using an acellular bovine dermal matrix graft (Primatrix, Integra) under a coronal positioned flap. There was a significant 2.43-mm reduction in defect depth, 85.96% mean root coverage, and 65.79% complete root coverage at the 6-month follow-up. Patients reported a significant improvement in perceived esthetics as well as trends for reduced dentinal hypersensitivity, minimal postoperative pain, and overall satisfaction with the procedure. The favorable clinical outcomes and oral biocompatibility would be

Achieving Independence in Toileting: Self-Catheterization Efficacy and the Role of the School Nurse.

The school nurse is the most consistent healthcare provider for students who require scheduled intermittent self-catheterization; however, there is little literature regarding the role of the school nurse for educating and promoting self-catheterization independence for pediatric populations in the school setting. School nurses are dependent on research to identify best practices when implementing teaching strategies with young students who are ready to start catheterizing independently. The intent of this article is to contribute relevant information that is both useful and evidence based, so

Hurdles in treating Hurler disease: potential routes to achieve a "real" cure.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are multiorgan devastating diseases for which hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and, to a lesser extent, enzyme replacement therapy have substantially altered the course of the disease. Furthermore, they have resulted in increased overall survival, especially for Hurler disease (MPS-1). However, despite the identification of clinical predictors and harmonized transplantation protocols, disease progression still poses a significant burden to patients, although at a slower pace. To design better therapies, we need to understand why and where current therapies

Prospective analysis of a surgical algorithm to achieve ventilator weaning in cervical tetraplegia.

Objectives: Chronic ventilator dependency in cervical tetraplegia is associated with substantial morbidity. When non-invasive weaning methods have failed the primary surgical treatment is diaphragm pacing. Phrenic nerve integrity and diaphragm motor units are requirements for effective pacing but may need to be restored for successful weaning. A surgical algorithm that includes: 1. Diaphragm pacing, 2. Phrenic nerve reconstruction, and 3. Diaphragm muscle replacement, may provide the capability of reducing or reversing ventilator dependency in virtually all cervical tetraplegics.Design: Prospe

A microneedle patch for measles and rubella vaccination: a game changer for achieving elimination.

While morbidity and mortality associated with measles and rubella (MR) have dramatically decreased, there are still >100000 estimated deaths due to measles and an estimated 100000 infants born with congenital rubella syndrome annually. Given highly effective MR vaccines, the primary barrier to global elimination of these diseases is low vaccination coverage, especially among the most underserved populations in resource-limited settings. In contrast to conventional MR vaccination by hypodermic injection, microneedle patches are being developed to enable MR vaccination by minimally trained perso

What can independent research for mesothelioma achieve to treat this orphan disease?

Introduction: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis, as current therapies are ineffective. Despite the increased understanding of the molecular biology of mesothelioma, there is still a lack of drugs that dramatically enhance patient survival. Area Covered: This review discusses recent and complete clinical trials supported by the NIH, other U.S. Federal agencies, universities and organizations found on clinicaltrials.gov. Firstly, chemotherapy-based trials are described, followed by immunotherapy and multitargeted therapy. Then we introduce drug reposit

Machine Learning in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Achievements, Pitfalls, and Future Directions.

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative condition with limited therapeutic options at present. Survival from symptom onset ranges from 3 to 5 years depending on genetic, demographic, and phenotypic factors. Despite tireless research efforts, the core etiology of the disease remains elusive and drug development efforts are confounded by the lack of accurate monitoring markers. Disease heterogeneity, late-stage recruitment into pharmaceutical trials, and inclusion of phenotypically admixed patient cohorts are some of the key barriers to suc

The potential and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cells to achieve wound healing.

Wound healing is the physiologic response to a disruption in normal skin architecture and requires both spatial and temporal coordination of multiple cell types and cytokines. This complex process is prone to dysregulation secondary to local and systemic factors such as ischemia and diabetes that frequently lead to chronic wounds. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers are epidemic with great cost to the healthcare system as they heal poorly and recur frequently, creating an urgent need for new and advanced therapies. Stem cell therapy is emerging as a potential treatment for chronic woun

Achieving Glycaemic Control with Concentrated Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

The recent introduction of the second-generation long-acting analogue insulins degludec and insulin glargine U300 have increased the choice of basal insulin therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these insulins result in a flatter profile that lasts over 24 h and provides an increased window of administration of 6 h once daily. Large-scale multicentre randomised clinical trial programmes (BEGIN for degludec U100 and U200 and EDITION for glargine U300) evaluating these insulin therapies against glargine U100 have demonstrated that they a