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Perioperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in 1,250 Orbital Surgeries.

PURPOSE: Intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis is used for many clean-contaminated surgeries or clean surgeries with an implant, but its value for clean orbital surgery has not been determined. This study investigated infection risks and adverse effects related to antibiotics in patients undergoing orbital surgery. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized comparative case series of all patients undergoing orbital surgery with participating surgeons between October 1, 2013, and March 1, 2015. Types of surgery, antibiotic regimens, corticosteroid use, antibiotic side effects, and surgical site infect…

Prophylactic antibiotic use in elective inguinal hernioplasty in a trauma center.

PURPOSE: In this double-blind prospective randomized trial, our objective was to investigate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia surgery with mesh repair in a large-volume tertiary referral trauma center. METHODS: Eligible patients were assigned randomly to either an antibiotic prophylaxis group or a control group. Patients in the prophylaxis group were given 1 g cefazolin by IV bolus injection whereas the placebo control group received an equal volume of sterile saline preoperatively. A Lichtenstein repair was done in all cases. The patients w…

Antibiotic usage in surgery in a large teaching hospital.

A prevalence study of the antibiotic usage in the surgical departments at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, showed that 126/517 hospitalized patients (24%) received antibiotics and that 100/306 operated patients (33%) received antibiotics. 44 (44%) of the operated patients were given their antibiotics as prophylaxis and 46 (37%) of all patients receiving antibiotics were given them as prophylaxis. Antibiotics were administered intravenously to 35 (28%) patients, orally to 75 (60%), and topically to 16 patients (13%) (eye department only). The most commonly used drugs in prophylaxis were isox

Duration of intrapartum prophylaxis for neonatal group B streptococcal disease: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To examine published evidence regarding duration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis administered to pregnant women colonized with group B Streptococcus (GBS) to reduce infant colonization with GBS and to prevent early-onset GBS sepsis. DATA SOURCES: A search was conducted in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2006), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2006), EMBASE (1980 to January 2006), CINAHL (1982 to January 2006), and in protocols and guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Americ…

Norfloxacin prophylaxis for endoscopic urological surgery.

A series of 140 patients, undergoing various types of urological endoscopic procedures, was divided into 2 equal, parallel, randomised groups. The first group of 70 patients, undergoing lower urinary tract surgery, was randomised, half to receive norfloxacin prophylaxis and half no antibiotic cover; the other 70 patients, undergoing percutaneous renal surgery, were randomised, half to receive norfloxacin and half cefuroxime. It was found that 26% of patients not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis and 11% on cefuroxime prophylaxis developed post-operative bacteriuria, with a high incidence of uri…

Postoperative povidone-iodine prophylaxis in strabismus surgery.

PURPOSE: While antibiotic/steroid combinations are routinely administered during the first week after strabismus surgery, they can be costly and inconvenient and may be unnecessary. This study compares the use of single-dose 5% povidone-iodine drops versus a week-long course of antibiotic/steroid as a prophylaxis against postoperative infection in extraocular muscle surgery. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed of 1871 patients undergoing routine strabismus surgery. Patients received either a single application of 5% povidone-iodine solution to the operative eye(s) at the conclus

Prostate biopsy techniques and pre-biopsy prophylactic measures: variation in current practice patterns in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: The clinical landscape of prostate biopsy (PB) is evolving with changes in procedures and techniques. Moreover, antibiotic resis … eriprocedural antimicrobial prophylaxis was collected. Urologists' perceptions regarding pre-biopsy antibiotic prophylaxis in an era of antibiotic resistance was assessed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-one responses (38.3%) were analyzed representing 65 (80.3%) of all Dutch hospitals performing PB. Transrectal ultrasound gui …

Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in children with prenatal hydronephrosis: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: We prospectively investigated the impact of risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in infants with postnatally confirmed … low-I or II vs high-III or IV), type (isolated hydronephrosis vs hydroureteronephrosis), continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, vesicoureteral reflux grade, gender and circumcision status. Time to febrile urinary tract infection curves analyzed by Cox proportional regression were generated to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: We collected data on 334 patients, of whom 78% w …

Assessment of Evidence-Based Pharmacologic Therapy for Pediatric Patients With HbSS Disease at a Single Pediatric Institution.

OBJECTIVE: In the United States, approximately 100,000 people currently live with sickle cell disease. Despite the prominence of disease, there remains room for enhancing patient care. The use of hydroxyurea has improved patient outcomes, showing a decrease in vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, the need for blood transfusions, and mortality. Other strides in management include antibiotic prophylaxis for younger patients, optimization of immunizations, and institution of novel agents. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pediatric patients with sickle cell disease at a …

Practice variability in management of infectious issues in heterotaxy: A survey of pediatric cardiologists.

BACKGROUND: Splenic dysfunction is common in heterotaxy syndrome, and increases the risk of bacteremia and bacteremia related mortality. Despite the risks associated with bacteremia in this setting, best practice guidelines for management of infectious concerns are lacking. We conducted a survey of pediatric cardiologists to characterize practice regarding the diagnosis of splenic dysfunction, approach to antibiotic prophylaxis, and management of possible bacterial infection. METHODS: A 22-item web-based survey was distributed via email to pediatric cardiologists in North America. RESULTS: W…

Pre-endoscopic antibiotics for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis: do we use them appropriately?

OBJECTIVE: Because native valve bacterial endocarditis following endoscopic procedures is extremely rare, recent guidelines have discouraged indiscriminate use of pre-endoscopic antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these guidelines have had an impact in prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis prior to endoscopic procedures. METHODS: All ambulatory endoscopic procedures carried out from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1992, in a 412-bed community hospital in Northern Virginia were reviewed to identify cases receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. Inpatients, percutaneous …

Use of Cefazolin for Group B Streptococci Prophylaxis in Women Reporting a Penicillin Allergy Without Anaphylaxis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of group B streptococci (GBS)-colonized women with a reported penicillin allergy without anaphylaxis receiving appropriate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of GBS-colonized, penicillin-allergic women delivering at term receiving intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis during labor. Scheduled cesarean deliveries were excluded. The primary outcome was the proportion of women who received appropriate antibiotic coverage, defined as penicillin or cefazolin. Secondary outcomes included neonatal outcomes such as …

Prophylactic use of antibiotics in combined abdominovaginal Marlex sling procedures for correction of recurrent urinary stress incontinence.

The charts of 75 patients who underwent a combined abdominovaginal Marlex sling procedure to correct urinary incontinence were analysed to assess the value of antibiotic prophylaxis. Six patients who received antibiotics preoperatively for underlying medical problems were excluded from the study. Eighteen patients operated on before 1980 did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis and of these only 1 suffered a superficial abdominal wound infection. Fifty-one consecutive patients received antibiotics prophylactically; of this group again only 1 had a superficial abdominal wound infection. These fin…

Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines Panel summary report on the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children.

PURPOSE: The American Urological Association convened the Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines Panel to analyze the literature regardi … or 7 treatment alternatives: 1) intermittent antibiotic therapy, 2) bladder training, 3) continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, 4) antibiotic prophylaxis and bladder training, 5) antibiotic prophylaxis, anticholinergics and bladder training, 6) open surgical repair and 7) endoscopic repair. Key outcomes identified were probability of reflux resolution, likelihood of develop …

The Impact of Monthly Prophylactic Antibiotics Use in Patients with Recurrent Cellulitis: A 20-Year Population-Based Cohort Study in a Medical Center.

PURPOSE: The vicious cycle of recurrent cellulitis ultimately results in a high risk of relapse, which facilitates the use of antibiotic prophylaxis with monthly intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) to prevent recurrence. However, several clinical situations hinder the guideline recommendations in daily practice. Therefore, intramuscular clindamycin has been used as an alternative in our institution for years. This study aims to elucidate the effectiveness of monthly intramuscular antibiotics in preventing further cellulitis recurrence and evaluate the applicability of intramuscular cli…

Antibiotic Stewardship in Cirrhosis: Current Recommendations and Clinical Challenges.

Bacterial infections are a major cause of mortality in cirrhosis, with antibiotic prophylaxis and empirical treatment embedded in international guidelines. However, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms and the epidemiology of infections have shifted considerably in recent decades. This review critically appraises the evidence underlying guideline recommendations on antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and acute variceal bleeding in cirrhosis, and antimicrobial management in acute liver failure. The evidence-underlying current recommendations is limited and pr…

Prophylactic antibiotics in amputation of the lower extremity for ischemia. A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cefoxitin.

Of 152 patients who were scheduled for an amputation for ischemia, seventy-seven were randomly assigned to perioperative prophylaxis with ce … with clostridial infection died of gas gangrene. A multivariate analysis showed that the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis increased the risk of infection by a factor of 3.3 (p = 0.004) and increased the need for reamputation by a factor of 4.5 (p = 0.003). We concluded that amputation patients should have prophylaxis with a broad-spectrum antibiotic given perioperative …

Бактерийные инфекции в Множественной миеломе: несчастные случаи, причины и воздействие профилактики во время первичной терапии

Цель настоящего исследования состояла в том, чтобы количественно оценить частотность предполагаемых клинически значимых бактериальных инфекций, определяемых как начало терапевтических антибиотиков в отделении неотложной помощи или во время госпитализации, в группе пациентов первой линии MM. События были увязаны с данными о лечении, использованием антибиотических средств профилактики и подтвержденными патогенами. Мы провели ретроспективное когортное исследование наблюдений с использованием электронных медицинских записей для определения частотности терапевтического инициирования антибиотики, ха

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to quantify the incidence rate of suspected clinically relevant bacterial infections, defined as the initiation of therapeutic antibiotics in the emergency department or during hospitalization, in a cohort of first-line MM patients. Events were contextualized with treatment data, antibiotic prophylaxis use, and confirmed pat…

[Administration of antibiotics in patients with polytrauma-based urogenital injuries-a narrative review].

BACKGROUND: Urogenital injuries occur in up to 10% of all trauma patients and are associated with increased risk of infectious complications … review articles is presented. In addition, recommendations on antibiotic stewardship, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, and specific trauma-related situations are taken into account. RESULTS: Routine antibiotic prophylaxis for uncomplicated, blunt urogenital injuries is not recommended. In surgically managed, penetrating, or contaminated injuries, antibiotic admini …