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Detection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from chicken production chains in Nigeria.

A total of 405 Escherichia coli from the chicken production chains in Nigeria were investigated for ESBL-production and 4 isolates were identified as ESBL producers. They were characterized by XbaI-PFGE, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), phylotyping, sequencing of porin and regulatory genes and of the regulatory region of chromosomal ampC genes. Transformed ESBL gene-carrying plasmids were characterized by S1-nuclease, replicon typing, conjugation, digestion and PCRs for detection of the genetic environment of ESBL genes. Susceptibility testing, PCRs for the resistance genes, integrons, and t…

Long-Term Colonization by bla(CTX-M)-Harboring Escherichia coli in Healthy Japanese People Engaged in Food Handling.

The actual state of intestinal long-term colonization by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in healthy Japanese … ntimicrobial susceptibility, pulsotype, sequence type (ST), and ESBL genotype were checked, and the replicon types of plasmids harboring the ESBL gene were also determined after conjugation experiments. ESBL producers were recovered from 70 (3.1%) of 2,230 participants who were checked only once. On the other hand, ESBL producers were isolated at least onc …

Co-prevalance of PMQR and 16S rRNA methylase genes in clinical Escherichia coli isolates with high diversity of CTX-M from diseased farmed pigeons.

In the present study, we determined the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli isolated from d … rRNA methylase gene was performed by conjugation into E. coli. The genetic relatedness and plasmid replicon type were determined. A total of 41 ESBLs producers were identified. Only CTX-M type ESBLs were detected, with the most common CTX-M types being CTX-M-65 (n=17), CTX-M-27 (n=11), CTX-M-55 (n=10). Thirty-eight CTX-M-positive isolates were found to ha …

CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli in dog faeces from public gardens.

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are increasingly reported in dogs. The objective of this stud … harbouring ESBL genes were characterized by S1 nuclease pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PCR-based replicon typing, and pMLST. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were detected in four (1.9 %) samples. Three samples harboured CTX-M-1-producing isolates, and one sample contained two CTX-M-15-producing isolates displaying distinct colony morphology. All isolates b …

Survey of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonizing patients in European ICUs and rehabilitation units, 2008-11.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to perform a multinational survey of patients' colonization by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, including their molecular characterization. METHODS: Patients in 18 hospital units across Europe and Israel (n = 17 945) were screened between mid-2008 and mid-2011. MBL-producing isolates were typed by PFGE and MLST. MBL genes were amplified and sequenced within their integrons. Plasmids with MBL genes were analysed by nuclease S1 plus hybridization profiling, mating and transformation assays, and by PCR-based replicon typing. RES…

The hepatitis E virus ORF1 'X-domain' residues form a putative macrodomain protein/Appr-1″-pase catalytic-site, critical for viral RNA replication.

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 gene encodes the non-structural polyprotein wherein the 'X-domain' still remains poorly defined. Cellular X … ediction, X-domain 'active-site' residues were subjected to mutational analysis using the HEV-SAR55 replicon (pSK-GFP). FACS analysis of mutant RNA transfected S10-3 cells showed that Gly816Ala and Gly817Ala constructs completely abrogated HEV replication, similar to their Gly816Val and Gly817Val counterparts. However, 'Gly815Ala' mutant replicated very po …

Dissemination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical-site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic.

BACKGROUND: Surgical-site infection is the most frequent health care-associated infection in the developing world, with a strikingly higher … etitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR banding pattern. Plasmids were characterized by PCR-based replicon typing and sub-typing schemes. In most isolates (18/27, 66.7%), bla CTX-M-15 genes were found in incompatibility groups F/F31:A4:B1 and F/F36:A4:B1 conjugative plasmids. Horizontal transfer of both plasmids is probably an important mechanism for the …

Expansion of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitalized patients: a successful story of international clones (ST15, ST147, ST336) and epidemic plasmids (IncR, IncFIIK).

The aim of this study was to characterize by a multi-level approach extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolat … sceptibility testing, ESBL characterization, clonal (PFGE, MLST) and plasmid (S1-PFGE, I-CeuI-PFGE, replicon typing, hybridization) analysis. Isolates produced mostly CTX-M-15 (47%) or SHV-12 (30%), and less frequently other SHV- (15%; SHV-2, -5, -28, -55, -106) or TEM- (9%; TEM-10, -24, -199)-types, with marked local and temporal variations. The increase …

Detection and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV-12 β-lactamases from bovine mastitis isolates in the United Kingdom.

Recent reports raised concerns about the role that farm stock may play in the dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. This study characterized the ESBLs in two Escherichia coli and three Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates from cases of clinical bovine mastitis in the United Kingdom. Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of bovine mastitic milk samples identified Gram-negative cefpodoxime-resistant isolates, which were assessed for their ESBL phenotypes. Conjugation experiments and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) were used for characterizatio…

Обнаружение мощных широкополосных противовирусных средств, полученных в результате морской actinobacteria.

Природные продукты обеспечивают широкий спектр химических структур, которые могут быть изучены при обнаружении новых лекарственных средств. Хотя вторичные метаболиты, производимые микробами, были разработаны для лечения различных заболеваний, включая бактериальные и грибковые инфекции, до настоящего времени проводились ограниченные исследования естественных продуктов с антивирусной активностью. В этом докладе мы использовали фенотипический клеточный репликонный анализ в сочетании с итеративным процессом биохимической фракции для выявления, очистки и характеристики антивирусных соединений, прои

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Natural products provide a vast array of chemical structures to explore in the discovery of new medicines. Although secondary metabolites pr … gation of natural products with antiviral activity. In this report, we used a phenotypic cell-based replicon assay coupled with an iterative biochemical fractionation process to identify, purify, and characterize antiviral compounds produced by marine microbes. We isolated a compound from Streptomyces kaviengensis, a novel actinomycetes isolated from marin …

Preclinical studies of PF-04849285, an interferon-α8 fusion protein for the treatment of HCV.

BACKGROUND: This study presents preclinical data of a novel interferon (IFN)-α8 fusion protein, PF-04849285, and compares it with IFN-α2 and pegylated IFN-α2; the latter being the current standard of care for HCV. METHODS: The antiviral properties were evaluated in vitro using the HCV replication assay (replicon) and the general encephalomyocarditis virus assay. The binding affinity to both IFNR-subunits was assessed using surface plasmon resonance. Ex vivo experiments using cynomolgus monkey and human blood were used for the evaluation of induction of IFN-inducible biomarkers (interferon ind…

Co-production of SFO-1 and DHA-1 β-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylase ArmA in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene bl … armA genes were determined by direct sequencing of plasmid pHS20. Plasmids were typed by PCR-based replicon typing. PFGE and multilocus sequence typing were performed on SFO-producing strains. RESULTS: Of 158 ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumoniae, 3 (1.9%) carried the bla(SFO-1) gene. All of the SFO-producing isolates belonged to the ST11 epidemic clon …

Antiviral activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) of 1-indanone thiosemicarbazones and their inclusion complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. Approximately 5% of the infected people die from cirr … odextrin (HPβ-CD) in Huh-7.5 cells containing the full-length and the subgenomic subgenotype 1b HCV replicon system. Studies of physical stability in culture medium showed that free TSCs precipitated rapidly and formed submicron aggregates. Conversely, TSC complexation with HPβ-CD led to more stable systems with minimal size growth and drug concentration l …

Molecular characterization of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from companion animals in the United States.

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae occurs worldwide; however, little is kno … -mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes increased the MICs (≥ 16-fold) of ESCs for transconjugants. Replicon typing among isolates revealed the predominance of IncI and IncFIA plasmids, followed by IncFIB plasmids. This study shows the emergence of conjugative plasmid-borne ESBLs among E. coli strains from companion animals in the United States, which may …

A thiopurine drug inhibits West Nile virus production in cell culture, but not in mice.

Many viruses within the Flavivirus genus cause significant disease in humans; however, effective antivirals against these viruses are not currently available. We have previously shown that a thiopurine drug, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6MMPr), inhibits replication of distantly related viruses within the Flaviviridae family in cell culture, including bovine viral diarrhea virus and hepatitis C virus replicon. Here we further examined the potential antiviral effect of 6MMPr on several diverse flaviviruses. In cell culture, 6MMPr inhibited virus production of yellow fever virus, dengue virus…

Inhibition of dengue virus by an ester prodrug of an adenosine analog.

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral pathogen that infects humans. Neither a vaccine nor an antiviral therapy is c … us but not Chikungunya virus (an alphavirus). Mode-of-action analysis, using a luciferase-reporting replicon, indicated that NITD203 inhibited DENV RNA synthesis. Although NITD203 exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo efficacies, the compound could not reach a satisfactory no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in a 2-week in vivo toxicity study. Never …

Conjugative IncFI plasmids carrying CTX-M-15 among Escherichia coli ESBL producing isolates at a University hospital in Germany.

BACKGROUND: Multi-drug-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, constitute an emerging public-health concern. Little data on the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing Escherichia coli is available in Germany. Here we describe the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing-Escherichia coli isolates at a German University hospital. METHODS: We analysed 63 non-duplicate clinical ESBL isolates obtained over an 8-month period using PCR and sequence-based ESBL allele typing, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic group typing. Pulsed-field gel …

Full sequence and comparative analysis of the plasmid pAPEC-1 of avian pathogenic E. coli chi7122 (O78:K80:H9).

BACKGROUND: Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), including Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC), are very diverse. They cause a complex o … d the conjugative function of the plasmid was effective only in the presence of other plasmids. Two-replicon systems, repFIIA-repFIC and repFIB, and two post-segregational systems, srnB and hok/sok, are also present in the sequence of pAPEC-1. The comparison of the pAPEC-1 sequence with the two available plasmid sequences reveals more gene loss and reorgan …

Identification of the rabies virus alpha/beta interferon antagonist: phosphoprotein P interferes with phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3.

Rabies virus (RV) of the Rhabdoviridae family grows in alpha/beta interferon (IFN)-competent cells, suggesting the existence of viral mechan … 004) was eliminated in IFN-competent HEp-2 cell cultures, in contrast to wild-type (wt) RV or an RV replicon lacking the genes for matrix protein and glycoprotein. SAD eGFP-P induced transcription of the IFN-beta gene and expression of the IFN-responsive MxA and STAT-1 genes. Similarly, an RV expressing low levels of P, which was generated by moving the P …

Enhanced S phase delay and inhibition of replication of an undamaged shuttle vector in UVC-irradiated xeroderma pigmentosum variant.

Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) cells are defective in bypass replication of UVC-induced thymine dimers in DNA because they lack a novel DNA polymerase (polymerase eta). In this study the effects of UVC on S phase cells were compared in fibroblasts derived from normal donors (IDH4) and XP-V patients (CTag) and immortalized by expression of the SV40 large T antigen. These transformed fibroblasts did not activate the G(1) checkpoint or inhibit replicon initiation when damaged by UVC or gamma-rays. The transformed XP-V cells (CTag) retained the increased sensitivity to UVC-induced inhibition…