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Branching morphogenesis of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture.

While mouse models have contributed in our understanding of lung development, repair and regeneration, inherent differences between the murine and human airways requires the development of new models using human airway epithelial cells. In this study, we describe a three-dimensional model system using human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) cultured on reconstituted basement membrane. HBECs form complex budding and branching structures on reconstituted basement membrane when co-cultured with human lung fetal fibroblasts. These structures are reminiscent of the branching epithelia during lung …

Thimerosal induces apoptotic and fibrotic changes to kidney epithelial cells in vitro.

Thimerosal is an ethyl mercury-containing compound used mainly in vaccines as a bactericide. Although the kidney is a key target for mercury toxicity, thimerosal nephrotoxicity has not received the same attention as other mercury species. The aim of this study was to determine the potential cytotoxic mechanisms of thimerosal on human kidney cells. Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells were exposed for 24 h to thimerosal (0-2 µM), and assessed for cell viability, apoptosis, and cell proliferation; expression of proteins Bax, nuclear factor-κB subunits, and transforming growth fac

Effect of hexavalent chromium on histone biotinylation in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Chromium is a potent human mutagen and carcinogen. The capability of chromium to cause cancers has been known for more than a century, and numerous epidemiological studies have been performed to determine its carcinogenicity. In the post-genome era, cancer has been found to relate to epigenetic mutations. However, very few researches have focused on hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-induced epigenetic alterations. The present study was designed to investigate whether Cr(VI) would affect the level of a newfound epigenetic modification: histone biotinylation. Histone acetylation and histone biotinyla

In vitro interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with human middle ear epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Otitis media (OM) is an inflammation of the middle ear which can be acute or chronic. Acute OM is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). CSOM is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the middle ear characterized by infection and discharge. The survivors often suffer from hearing loss and neurological sequelae. However, no information is available regarding the interaction of P. aeruginosa with human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). METHODOL…

Using replication defective viruses to analyze membrane trafficking in polarized epithelial cells.

Epithelial cells in culture, especially once they are polarized, are extremely hard to manipulate by transient transfection methods. The use of replication defective adenoviruses for gene expression or replication defective retroviruses or lentiviruses to express shRNA for gene knockdown provides efficient tools to manipulate gene expression patterns even in hard-to-transfect cell lines. One of the advantages of using defective adenoviruses for gene expression is that once the virus has been generated, it can easily be applied to a wide variety of cells. In addition, replication defective retr…

The role of melatonin as an antioxidant in human lens epithelial cells.

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in pathophysiology of cataracts and also known to affect the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein … ine whether melatonin could prevent hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in this protection. HLECs were subjected to various concentrations of H₂O₂ in the presence or absence of melatonin at different concentrations. Cell viability was monitored by a 3-(4, 5-dimeth …

Helicobacter pylori initiates a mesenchymal transition through ZEB1 in gastric epithelial cells.

Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection provokes an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, at high risk for ulcer and cancer development. The most virulent strains harbor the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) encoding a type 4 secretion system, which allows delivery of bacterial effectors into gastric epithelial cells, inducing pro-inflammatory responses and phenotypic alterations reminiscent of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study characterizes EMT features in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, and investigates their relationship with NF-κB activation. Cultured human…

ERK1/2 activation modulates pyocyanin-induced toxicity in A549 respiratory epithelial cells.

Pyocyanin (PCN), a virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has many damaging effects on mammalian cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that this damage is primarily mediated by its ability to generate oxidative stress. However mechanisms underlying PCN-induced oxidative injury remain unclear. Although oxidative stress and subsequent MAPK signaling has been shown to modulate cell death in other models, its role in PCN-induced cytotoxicity remains unknown. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the role of redox-sensitive MAPK in PCN-induced toxicity in A549 cells. H

Respiratory syncytial virus induces leukotriene C4 synthase expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) results in acute wheezing in infants and is frequently associated with recurrent wheezing. Although RSV-induced wheezing clinically resembles that of asthma, corticosteroids are not equivalently effective in RSV-associated wheezing. The study sought to determine the mechanisms of RSV-induced wheezing by establishing an in vitro model of RSV-infected human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBEC). METHODS: Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4 S) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 16-HBEC was detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase ch…

Жесткая антивирусная реакция на инфекцию 71 человека в кишечных эпителиальных клетках.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) — единственный вирус РНК, принадлежащий семейству Picornaviridae. Это приводит к болезням ручных ног и яичников и смертельным неврологическим заболеваниям у маленьких детей и младенцев. Механизм патогенеза EV71 остается неясным. Кишечный тракт представляет собой первоначальную площадку репликации EV71, однако симптомы кишечного кишечника в клиническом отношении не наблюдались, или только в лёгком виде, что говорит о том, что иммунная реакция кишечного эпителия на EV71 может быть уникальной, что, однако, остается редко изученной. В этом исследовании мы показали, что кишечн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to Picornaviridae family. It causes the hand-foot-and-mouth disease and fa … unique, which, however, remains rarely investigated. In this study, we showed that human intestinal epithelial cells HT-29 were susceptible to EV71, and the infected cells exhibited cytopathic effects (CPEs) and were prone to apoptosis. TLR-7 and TLR-8 were induced significantly post infection and may be pivotal in the induction of IFN-β and host innate immune res …

Effect of different artificial tears against desiccation in cultured human epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: A large number of artificial tears is widely used to treat dry eye symptoms. To test the efficacy of these drugs independent of individual parameters in vitro models are required. As described previously, we employed a reproducible in vitro cell culture system to evaluate the desiccation protection capability of some artificial tears. In THE PRESENT PAPER DATA IS PRESENTED OF ANOTHER SET OF PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS. MATERIAL/METHODS: Conjunctival epithelial cell line Chang 1-5c-4 (series 1) and the corneal cell line 2.040 pRSV-T (series 2) were cultured under standard conditions. Con

TGF-β mediates proinflammatory seminal fluid signaling in human cervical epithelial cells.

The cervix is central to the female genital tract immune response to pathogens and foreign male Ags introduced at coitus. Seminal fluid profoundly influences cervical immune function, inducing proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte recruitment. In this study, human Ect1 cervical epithelial cells and primary cervical cells were used to investigate agents in human seminal plasma that induce a proinflammatory response. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 are abundant in seminal plasma, and Affymetrix microarray revealed that TGF-β3 elicits changes in Ect1 cell expression of several proinflammato…

Actin cytoskeleton controls movement of intracellular organelles in pancreatic duct epithelial cells.

In most eukaryotic cells, microtubules and filamentous actin (F-actin) provide tracks on which intracellular organelles move using molecular motors. Here we report that cytoplasmic movement of both mitochondria and lysosomes is slowed by F-actin meshwork formation in pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC). Mitochondria and lysosomes were labeled with fluorescent Mitotracker Red CMXRos and Lysotracker Red DND-99, respectively, and their movements were monitored using epi-fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Mitochondria and lysosomes moving actively at rest stopped rapidly within several seco…

Oxidative stress induced interleukin-32 mRNA expression in human bronchial epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction and persistent inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD. Interleukin (IL)-32 expression has been reported to increase in the lung tissue of patients with COPD. Here, we show that IFNγ upregulated IL-32 expression and that oxidative stress augmented IFNγ-induced-IL-32 expression in airway epithelial cells. We further investigated transcriptional regulation responsible for IFNγ induced IL-32 expression in human airway epithelial cells. …

Ubiquitin E3 ligase A20 facilitates processing microbial product in nasal epithelial cells.

Microbial products play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases; ubiquitin E3 ligase A20 (A20) is an important molecule in regulating inflammation in the body. The present study aims to elucidate the role of A20 in processing the absorbed microbial products in nasal epithelial cells. Human nasal mucosal specimens were collected from patients with or without chronic rhinitis and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Human nasal epithelial cell line, RPMI2650 cell, was employed to assess the role of A20 in processing the absorbed staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The RPMI2650 cells absorbe…

[Progresses of in vitro culture and differentiation in conjunctival epithelial stem cells].

Conjunctiva epithelial stem cells are bipotent cells giving rise to both conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells. They play a central role in ocular surface homeostasis and wound repair, and also have great capacities of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. As a result, conjunctival epithelial stem cells are main resources of seed cells for tissue engineering conjunctiva. To review the current research of conjunctival epithelia stem cells such as their features, distribution, ways to identify stem cells, in vitro culture and induced differentiation to goblet cells.

Niflumic Acid Reduces Histamine-Induced MUC5AC Expression in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Histamine is an important inflammatory mediator in allergic conjunctivitis. The aim of the present study was to explore whether histamine induced MUC5AC production in human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCECs), and to describe the relationship between human calcium-activated chloride channel 1 (hCLCA1) activity and MUC5AC expression. METHODS: HCECs were isolated from human conjunctiva and cultured at an air-liquid interface. MUC5AC and hCLCA1 mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR after exposure of the cells to histamine. MUC5AC secretion was quantitated by ELISA. hCL…

Cysteamine restores glutathione redox status in cultured cystinotic proximal tubular epithelial cells.

Recent evidence implies that impaired metabolism of glutathione has a role in the pathogenesis of nephropathic cystinosis. This recessive inherited disorder is characterized by lysosomal cystine accumulation and results in renal Fanconi syndrome progressing to end stage renal disease in the majority of patients. The most common treatment involves intracellular cystine depletion by cysteamine, delaying the development of end stage renal disease by a yet elusive mechanism. However, cystine depletion does not arrest the disease nor cures Fanconi syndrome in patients, indicating involvement of oth

Wingless homolog Wnt11 suppresses bacterial invasion and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells.

Wnt11 plays an essential role in gastrointestinal epithelial proliferation, and previous investigations have focused on development and immune responses. However, the roles of how enteric bacteria regulate Wnt11 and how Wnt11 modulates the host response to pathogenic bacteria remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of Salmonella infection on Wnt activation in intestinal epithelial cells. We found that Wnt11 mRNA and protein expression were elevated after Salmonella colonization. Wnt11 protein secretion in epithelial cells was also elevated after bacterial infection. Furthermore,…

Chronic colitis induces expression of β-defensins in murine intestinal epithelial cells.

Anti-microbial peptides are important effectors in innate immunity. In the gut they defend against pathogens, shape the commensal microbiota and probably control intestinal homeostasis. Ulcerative colitis (UC), but not Crohn's disease, shows increased expression of inducible β-defensins (hBD-2, hBD-3 and hBD-4) in colonic epithelial cells. Does inducible defensin production precede the chronic intestinal inflammation characteristic of UC, or is it a consequence of the T cell-driven chronic inflammation? The aim was to analyse defensin mRNA and protein expression in colonic epithelial cells in …