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Исследование "Этиология пневмонии у ВИЧ-инфицированных замбийских детей: результаты исследований в области пневмонии в целях охраны здоровья детей (ПЕРКЗ).

Несмотря на недавнее сокращение числа новых случаев инфицирования детей ВИЧ и детской смертности, связанной с ВИЧ, пневмония остается главной причиной смерти ВИЧ-инфицированных детей в возрасте до 5 лет. Мы описываем терпеливое население, этиологию и результаты детской пневмонии у замбийских ВИЧ-инфицированных детей. МЕТОДЫ: В качестве одного из 9 участков для исследования пневмонии в области этологии в целях охраны здоровья детей мы зачислили детей в возрасте от 1 до 59 месяцев, поступающих в университетскую педагогическую больницу в Лусаке, Замбия, с установленной Всемирной организацией здра

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Despite recent declines in new pediatric HIV infections and childhood HIV-related deaths, pneumonia remains the leading cause of … bian HIV-infected children. METHODS: As one of the 9 sites for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study, we enrolled children 1-59 months of age presenting to University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, with World Health Organization-defined severe and very severe pneumonia. Controls frequency-matched on age group and HIV infection status we …

Maternal, cord, and three-year-old child serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study.

PURPOSE: Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy may influence offspring thyroid function, though relations between maternal and child thyroid function are incompletely understood. We sought to characterize relations between maternal, cord and child thyroid hormone concentrations in a population of mother-child pairs with largely normal thyroid function. METHODS: In a prospective birth cohort, we measured thyroid hormone concentrations in 203 mothers at 16 gestational weeks, 273 newborns and 159 children at 3 years among participants in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (

Examining the Structure of a New Pediatric Measure of Functional Independence Using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Assessment System.

Activities of daily living (ADL) are key to daily living and adjustment. A number of ADL scales have been developed and validated to examine functional performance in the pediatric population; however, most of these scales are limited to specific groups. The purpose of this research was to test the plausibility of developing and validating a hierarchical versus additive ADL summary scale for children and youth using the interRAI Child Youth Mental Health (ChYMH) assessment system. Data from 8980 typically developing children (mean age 12.02 years) and 655 children with developmental disabiliti

The mediating role of posttraumatic stress reactions in the relationship between child abuse and physical health complaints in adolescence and young adulthood.

Background: Child abuse is associated with physical health problems in adolescence and adulthood, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. A possible mediating effect of posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR) linking child abuse with later physical health complaints has not been fully investigated. Objective: The current study investigated whether PTSR could be a potential mediator in the relationship between child abuse and physical health complaints in adolescents and young adults. If so, we also investigated whether this was the case for different child abuse types alone or in combination. M

Profile of transcultural patients in a regional Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Gippsland, Australia: The need for a multidimensional understanding of the complexities.

BACKGROUND: Several childhood stressors related to immigration have been documented, and it is important for clinicians to understand and address the various factors that may lead to or act as maintaining factors of mental disorders in children and adolescents. AIMS: To describe the cultural profile of transcultural patients presenting to a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in regional Victoria and identify the most common disorders and psychosocial stressors they presented with. METHOD: Descriptive analysis was applied to 101 case records of patients with a transcultural ba

Intergenerational Continuity in Depression: The Importance of Time-Varying Effects, Maternal Co-morbid Health Risk Behaviors and Child's Gender.

Intergenerational continuity in depressive symptoms is well established between mother and child, but there are still important facets of this relationship that are underexplored. We examine intergenerational continuity in depressive symptoms between mother-child dyads as a flexible function of child age and account for the potential moderating role of maternal co-morbid health risk behaviors. Using prospective, self-report data collected yearly from 413 mother-child dyads (210 mother-son dyads and 203 mother-daughter dyads) between child ages 12-17, the results indicate that the effect of mat

The prevalence of traumatic brain injury, comorbid anxiety and other psychiatric disorders in an outpatient child and adolescent mental health service.

Background: A history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is prevalent in children and adolescents within the health system, which may be accompanied with higher rates of poor mental health outcomes including anxiety and other psychiatric disorders.Aims: To explore rates of TBI and associated anxiety and other psychiatric diagnoses in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years within the mental health system.Methods: Participants were recruited from an outpatient mental health service in Canterbury, New Zealand. The Ohio State University TBI Identification method was utilised to ascertain TBI histor

Strengthening integration of clinical and public health systems to prevent maternal-child obesity in the First 1,000Days: A Collective Impact approach.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity interventions may be most effective if they begin in the earliest stages of life, support changes across family, clinical, and public health systems, and address socio-contextual factors. METHODS: The First 1000Days is a systematic program starting in early pregnancy lasting through the first 24months of infancy to prevent obesity among low-income mother-infant pairs in three community health centers in Massachusetts. The program uses a Collective Impact approach to create the infrastructure for sustained, system-wide changes for obesity prevention across early life clin

Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse in Women Seeking Help for Sexual and Reproductive Mental Health Problems: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Disclosure.

This is a multicentric, descriptive, cross-sectional study of child and adolescent sexual abuse in women over 18 years in 24 primary care sexual and reproductive health centers in Catalonia. A total of 1,013 women were recruited; 345 (37.6%, 95% CI: 34.6-40.9) reported exposure to child sexual abuse: 32.4% disclosed being touched in a sexual way, and 9.6% reported completed sexual intercourse. Abuse occured before the age of 13 in 63.4% of respondents. The perpetrator was a relative or an acquaintance in almost 80% of cases. The risk was higher among women of Central or South American origin (

Credit where credit is due: Pakistan's role in reducing the global burden of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH).

Factors contributing to Pakistan's poor progress in reducing reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) include its low level of female literacy, gender inequity, political challenges, and extremism along with its associated relentless violence; further, less than 1% of Pakistan's GDP is allocated to the health sector. However, despite these disadvantages, Pakistani researchers have been able to achieve positive contributions towards RMNCH-related global knowledge and evidence base, in some cases leading to the formulation of WHO guidelines, for which they should feel proud. Nev…

Health-related quality of life and psychosocial functioning in children with Tourette syndrome: parent-child agreement and comparison to healthy norms.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of agreement between parent proxy- and child self-report on measures of child psychosocial functioning and health-related quality of life in children with Tourette syndrome. Participants included 28 children with Tourette syndrome and their parents. All participants provided ratings of children's level of quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Results revealed strong, positive relationships between child self- and parent proxy-reports on all quality of life and psychosocial functioning domains. Parents perceived significantly higher levels of depr

Improving maternal mental health after a child's diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: results from a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE: The prevalence of psychological distress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests a need for interventions that address parental mental health during the critical period after the child's autism diagnosis when parents are learning to navigate the complex system of autism services. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a brief cognitive behavioral intervention, problem-solving education (PSE), decreases parenting stress and maternal depressive symptoms during the period immediately following a child's diagnosis of ASD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A

Maternal fat intake during pregnancy and wheeze and eczema in Japanese infants: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study.

PURPOSE: This cohort study examined the relationship between maternal intake of individual fatty acids, meat, and fish during pregnancy and the risk of wheeze and eczema in children aged 23-29 months because epidemiologic evidence on this topic is inconclusive. METHODS: Subjects were 1354 Japanese mother-child pairs. Data on maternal intake during pregnancy were assessed with a validated diet history questionnaire. Data on symptoms of wheeze and eczema were based on criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. RESULTS: Significant inverse exposure-response relati

Case-control study of IL13 polymorphisms, smoking, and rhinoconjunctivitis in Japanese women: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study.

BACKGROUND: Six previous studies have examined the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL13 gene and allergic rhinitis, but the results have been inconsistent. However, a recent meta-analysis using data from these 6 studies has shown that the A allele of IL13 SNP rs20541 was associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis, whereas no such relationship existed between IL13 SNP rs1800925 and allergic rhinitis. We investigated the associations between IL13 SNPs rs1800925 and rs20541 and the risk of rhinoconjunctivitis in Japanese women. METHODS: Included we

The relationship between parental overprotection and health-related quality of life in pediatric cancer: the mediating role of perceived child vulnerability.

PURPOSE: The current study sought to examine the relation of parental overprotection and perceived child vulnerability to parent-reported health-related quality of life in parents of children with cancer. METHODS: Parents (N = 89) of children who had been diagnosed with cancer completed measures of parental overprotection, perceived child vulnerability, and parent-proxy report of health-related quality of life. RESULTS: After controlling for theoretically relevant covariates, parental overprotection and perceived child vulnerability were both found to be significantly related to child health…

Impact of the Family Health Program on the quality of vital information and reduction of child unattended deaths in Brazil: an ecological longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Vital information, despite of being an important public health instrument for planning and evaluation, in most of the developing countries have still low quality and coverage. Brazil has recently implemented the Family Health Program (PSF), one of the largest comprehensive primary health care programs in the world, which demonstrated effectiveness on the reduction of infant mortality. In the present study we evaluate the impact of the PSF on mortality rates related to the quality of vital information: the under-five mortality rate due to ill-defined causes and unattended death. ME

The effectiveness of single session therapy in child and adolescent mental health. Part 2: an 18-month follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines whether the short-term benefits of planned single session therapy (SST), previously demonstrated for child and adolescent clients with mental health problems, are maintained over an 18-month period. It also investigates the impact of an initial 6-week delay on therapy, and the impact of additional therapy during the 18-month period. DESIGN: The study is an 18-month follow-up to a cross-sectional clinical study involving treatment of outpatients at a public mental health clinic, over 14 months. All clients had been administered SST. Measures used were those used

The long-term mental health consequences of child sexual abuse: an exploratory study of the impact of multiple traumas in a sample of women.

The current study examined exposure to multiple traumas as mediators of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and negative adult mental health outcomes. Participants were 174 women interviewed in the third wave of a longitudinal study of the consequences of child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse victims reported a lifetime history of more exposure to various traumas and higher levels of mental health symptoms. Exposure to traumas in both childhood and adulthood other than child sexual abuse mediated the relationship between child sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood.

Prevalence of anxiety and associated risk factors among maternal and child health hospital female attenders: a cross-sectional multicenter study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Maternal anxiety represents a substantial public health concern, particularly among women who are attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) hospitals. This study investigated anxiety prevalence and risk factors among MCH hospital female attenders in Henan Province, a region demographically representative of national trends, during the peak winter medical demand of December 2024. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was implemented to recruit 745 maternal participants from 5 MCH hospitals (comprising three Grade A tertiary hospitals and two other h…

Socio-Ecological Factors Influencing Maternal and Child Health Outcomes During Floods in South Punjab Pakistan 2025: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

BACKGROUND: South Punjab, Pakistan, is located approximately nearby the Indus and Chanab rivers. Heavy monsoon and climate change make the s … CONCLUSION: Water scarcity, food insecurity, and displacement significantly affected maternal and child health during the 2025 flood. Nutritional supplies, mobile healthcare and community training must be prioritised. Equitable health policies must be supported by future research into longitudinal recovery.