Результаты поиска

A therapeutic workplace for the long-term treatment of drug addiction and unemployment: eight-year outcomes of a social business intervention.

This study evaluated the long-term effects of a therapeutic workplace social business on drug abstinence and employment. Pregnant and postpartum women (N = 40) enrolled in methadone treatment were randomly assigned to a therapeutic workplace or usual care control group. Therapeutic workplace participants could work weekdays in training and then as employees of a social business, but were required to provide drug-free urine samples to work and maintain maximum pay. Three-year outcomes were reported previously. This paper reports 4- to 8-year outcomes. During year 4 when the business was open, t…

Intimate partner violence and welfare participation: a longitudinal causal analysis.

This longitudinal study examined the temporal-ordered causal relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV), five mental disorders (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic attack, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence, treatment seeking (from physician, counselor, and self-help group), employment, child support, and welfare participation. It was a secondary data analysis of records of 571 women; the records were extracted from the study "Violence Against Women and the Role of Welfare Reform" (VAWRWR). Results from ge…

Predicting retention in a residential drug treatment alternative to prison program.

One hundred and fifty felony drug offenders diverted from prison to community-based, residential drug treatment alternative to prison program completed a comprehensive interview as part of a longitudinal study. Treatment completion predictors were sought examining intake data (demographics, family, social, employment, medical, psychological, criminal, sexual behavior, drug use and treatment histories). Logistic regression results found completers had more social conformity and close friends, and less need for employment counseling, felony drug convictions, drug dealing income, and unprotected …

A 50-year mortality follow-up of a large cohort of oil refinery workers in Texas.

To investigate further the possible role of occupational exposures on mortality, an update of a large Texas petroleum refinery cohort was un … 1.7). However, none of these diseases demonstrated an exposure-response relationship with length of employment. Subcohort mortality analyses by sex and race groups, length of employment, interval since hire, period of hire, and pay status were also performed. Overall, the update findings do not indicate that any excess mortality occurred as a result of emplo …

Exposure to ionizing radiation and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Search for error and bias.

In a 1984 case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) among workers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Austin and Reynolds found an association between reported employment in proximity to ionizing radiation and CMM (odds ratio (OR) = 5.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 20.7). But in a preliminary study in 1981, they found no association between individual radiation dosimetry readings and CMM. We reanalyzed the 1984 Austin-Reynolds case-control data to determine whether error or bias explain the inconsistency between reported employment in proximity to radiation and…

Occupation and lung cancer risk among New Jersey white males.

The association of occupation with lung cancer risk was examined in a case-control study conducted in six areas of New Jersey. The study included 763 white males with incident histologically confirmed primary cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung and 900 general population white male controls selected from driver's license and death certificate files. Altogether, 27 employment categories had a smoking-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 or greater; five of these with significantly high OR contributed to an occupational population attributable risk of 13%. Masons and tilesetters; janitors and c…

A Feasibility Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) for Patients With Offending Histories.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of conducting a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Individual Placement and Support (IPS). IPS is a form of supported employment which aims to put people into open employment quickly and in accordance with their preferences. It is delivered by employment specialists collocated within clinical teams, and provides time unlimited support for the individual and their employer, along with welfare benefits counselling. Method: A feasibility cluster RCT of treatment as usual (TAU) plus IPS versus TAU alone was conducted over 12 months among patien…

THE GENDER SEGREGATION OF PRECARIOUS WORK CONTEXTS AMONG PEOPLE WHO USE DRUGS.

Employment is a social determinant of health, yet people who use drugs (PWUD) often face barriers to employment. To meet their financial needs, some engage in alternate income-generating activities (e.g., sex work, recycling, drug selling) that expose them to social and health-related harm. Drawing from two cohorts of community-recruited PWUD in Vancouver, Canada (n=2366, 2006-2023), we used generalized estimating equations to characterize gendered patterns of income generation among men (n=1501, 63.4%) and women (n=865, 36.6%). Employment and income assistance were similarly patterned across …

Social decision-making of Japanese male spouses following their wives' breast cancer diagnosis: A quantitative content analysis.

PURPOSE: Living with patients with cancer is a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate the social decisions made by working-a … were categorized into three areas: support for daily living (59.7%), financial matters (23.7%), and employment (16.5%). Most decisions related to daily living, finances, and employment are made before treatment initiation. CONCLUSION: This study observed that husbands of women with breast cancer encounter various social decisions related to daily life, fina …

Fear of falling and associated influencing factors in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study analyzed the fear of falling (FOF) and associated influencing factors in patients undergoing mainte … f activities of daily living. There were significant differences in FOF among different age groups, employment status, the use of walkers, living arrangements (living alone), and having a history of falling in the past year. Age, employment status, history of falls in the past year, and anxiety score were significant risk factors for FOF in MHD patients. CO …

High-ACE Low Wage Workers: Occupational Health Nursing Research and Praxis Through a Trauma-Informed Lens.

Individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) disproportionately have poor mental and physical health outcomes. These experiences affect individuals across the life span extending beyond health with deleterious impact on work-related outcomes. Low-wage workers are particularly at risk. Social service and health organizations are becoming aware of the extent to which the populations they serve have been affected by these experiences. Employment support programs may serve high-ACE individuals but likely are unaware of their histories and the developmental or health deficits …

Coming home from jail: the social and health consequences of community reentry for women, male adolescents, and their families and communities.

Each year, more than 10 million people enter US jails, most returning home within a few weeks. Because jails concentrate people with infectious and chronic diseases, substance abuse, and mental health problems, and reentry policies often exacerbate these problems, the experiences of people leaving jail may contribute to health inequities in the low-income communities to which they return. Our study of the experiences in the year after release of 491 adolescent males and 476 adult women returning home from New York City jails shows that both populations have low employment rates and incomes and…

Long-term psychiatric patients in vocational rehabilitation programmes: a naturalistic follow-up study over 3 years.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at assessing the vocational integration attained after a 3-year period by psychiatric patients who participated in different vocational rehabilitation programmes. METHOD: In the north-western German region of Westphalia-Lippe a naturalistic follow-up study was carried out on 471 patients from three different types of vocational rehabilitation programmes. The sample comprised chronically ill patients with a history of repeated and long-term hospitalization. RESULTS: After 3 years 11% of the patients were in competitive employment, 67% (still) in sheltered employment…

Gender differences in vocational needs and outcomes for methadone treatment clients.

Data from a pilot randomized field experiment conducted from 1990 to 1992 in three methadone treatment programs were analyzed to examine potential gender differences in vocational needs and outcomes. The study data were collected from 103 female and 147 male clients who were recommended by their counselors or were randomly sampled from all remaining clients enrolled in treatment. Half of each of these two groups of clients were randomly assigned to standard treatment and half to standard treatment plus an experimental Training and Employment Program (TEP). Analysis of the data indicates that (…

An epidemiologic study of respiratory health effects in a group of North Carolina furniture workers.

Woodworking is known to be associated with nasal cancer and with western red cedar asthma, but research is inconsistent with regard to respiratory health effects among furniture workers. The authors tested the hypotheses that employment in a North Carolina hardwood furniture plant was related to the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and to impairment of pulmonary function. Chronic symptom prevalence generally showed no significant differences between wood dust jobs and control exposures; however, frequent sneezing and eye irritation were significantly (P less than .05) correlated with wood du…

[Psychomotor efficiency of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. II].

The study is aimed at the determination of CS2 effects upon selected indices of psychomotor efficiency, depending on the level of exposure to carbon disulphide and duration of employment. The study involved 250 viscose industry workers exposed to CS2 and 126 persons not exposed to toxic substances at work. The following tests and appliances were used: Eye-hand coordination test, Turner test for independent movement of two hands, reaction time meter, one-plate tapping, two-plate tapping and modified d'Heuyer and Baille's tests. A strict connection was found between the results obtained and leng…

Wellbeing and job satisfaction among employees with intellectual disability.

OBJECTIVES: The workplace is considered one of the key settings in which to promote health and wellbeing. Reviews of workplace health promot … and poorer nutrition. People with an intellectual disability work across a range of industries and employment settings and it is important to understand potential strategies in supporting the health and wellbeing of this cohort within workplaces. METHODS: Forty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted with staff and supported employees from four organizati …

Ключевые результаты мероприятий по профессиональной реабилитации лиц с множественным склерозом: Номинальное техническое исследование группы.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Мероприятия по профессиональной реабилитации лиц с множественным склерозом (МС) в целях удержания рабочих мест могут оказать позитивное воздействие на независимость человека и непосредственно повлиять на результаты в области здравоохранения и занятости. Вместе с тем оценка эффективности мероприятий в области ПР может быть сопряжена с трудностями в силу их весьма индивидуализированного характера и разнообразных потенциальных последствий для здоровья и занятости, которые могут быть затронуты. AIM: Определение наиболее важных результатов деятельности по сохранению рабочих м

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Job retention vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) can positively impact a person's independence and directly influence health and employment outcomes. However, evaluating the effectiveness of VR interventions can be challenging due to their highly individualised nature and the diverse range of pote…

Work-related support for employed and self-employed people with rheumatoid arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional online survey of patients.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the provision of work-related support for (self-)employed people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) by healthcare providers (HCPs) or employers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the experiences of (self-)employed people with RA or axSpA regarding work-related support from HCPs and employers in the Netherlands. METHODS: This cross-sectional study concerned an online survey for (self-)employed people, aged ≥ 16 years and diagnosed with RA or axSpA. The survey focused on experiences with HCPs and employers' work-related suppo

Daily time use among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and unaffected controls: Results from the DiAPAson multicentric project.

OBJECTIVE: In the framework of daily time use, physical activity, and interpersonal relationships in patients with schizophrenia project, we aimed to investigate (a) within and between-group differences in daily time use of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and unaffected controls, stratifying them by age, sex, and employment status; (b) the associations between daily time use, the severity of psychiatric symptoms, and psychosocial functioning amongst those with SSD. METHOD: From October 2020 to October 2021, 306 outpatients and 312 individuals living in residential fac…