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Transmission of hepatitis B virus to multiple patients from a surgeon without evidence of inadequate infection control.

BACKGROUND: Although about 1 percent of surgeons are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), transmission from surgeons to patients is thought to be uncommon. In July 1992, a 47-year-old woman became ill with acute hepatitis B after undergoing a thymectomy in which a thoracic-surgery resident who had had acute hepatitis B six months earlier assisted. METHODS: To determine whether the surgeon transmitted HBV to this patient and others, we conducted chart reviews, interviews, and serologic testing of thoracic-surgery patients at the two hospitals where the surgeon worked from July 1991 to July 1

Risk factors for HIV-1 infection in adults in a rural Ugandan community: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To study in depth sexual history and sexual behaviour variables as risk factors for HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan population. METHODS: Following a socioeconomic and serological survey of a rural population in Masaka District, south-west Uganda, 233 randomly selected HIV-1-positive cases and 233 negative controls matched on age and village of residence, were invited in October 1990 to participate in a case-control study. A total of 132 cases and 161 controls attended for in-depth investigation including an interview about sexual behaviour. RESULTS: The factor most strongly ass

Infection of an arterial prosthesis as the presenting manifestation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis: control of disease with fluconazole.

We describe an elderly man whose presenting manifestation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis was bilateral infection of femoral arterial prosthetic grafts. After the patient failed to respond to both ketoconazole and amphotericin B, treatment with fluconazole brought about clinical resolution of meningitis and pulmonary disease and, in combination with repeated percutaneous aspiration, control of the arterial infection. The unusual clinical features of this case, along with the incidence and management of prosthetic arterial infections caused by fungi, are discussed.

Epidemiological impact of vector control. I. Incidence and changes in prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection.

Since 1974, the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) has been engaged in a large scale attempt to control the savanna species of the vector of onchocerciasis in seven West African countries. The effect of the vector control effort has been measured by epidemiological evaluation. For this purpose 474 villages have been examined by means of skin snip surveys between 1975 and 1983 and of these, 184 have been retained to-date for follow-up surveys which have documented over the years the reduction of the parasite population. The latest results of the epidemiological evaluation clearly demonstrat

Evaluation of the reagent strip test for haematuria in the control of Schistosoma haematobium infection in schoolchildren.

Several recent reports have indicated the potential of the reagent strip test for haematuria in the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Approximately 15,000 schoolchildren from a population of 40,000 people were examined for reagent strip microhaematuria on three occasions between 1986 and 1987 and treated with praziquantel 40 mg/kg if positive. The reagent strip was evaluated against a single filtration of 10 ml urine for S. haematobium eggs. Initially 65.9% of children were treated followed by 37.5% at the second examination 6 months later and 44.5% at the third examination a fur

Infection prevention and control in nursing homes under pandemic-level pressure: qualitative insights from Swedish care workers.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic placed considerable pressure on nursing homes, where care workers faced high workloads, uncertainty, and e … res policies that integrate organizational support with the human dimensions of care, ensuring that infection control and dignified care are mutually reinforced.

Association between daily vital signs during radiotherapy and severe infection in cancer patients: A case-control study.

Severe infection poses a major threat to cancer patients due to treatment-related immunosuppression. Early identification and timely intervention are essential to reducing infection-related mortality. This study investigated whether daily vital signs recorded during radiotherapy could predict severe infection. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of cancer patients who received radiotherapy between 2016 and 2022. Cases were patients who developed severe infection during radiotherapy, while controls completed radiotherapy without infection. Patients with over a 2-day interval between

Assessing occupational vaccine uptake and infection control knowledge among healthcare professionals in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Due to occupational exposures, healthcare professionals (HCPs) face an increased risk of infectious diseases, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite infection prevention and control (IPC) policies, systemic and behavioral barriers exist in Cameroon. This study assessed the uptake of occupational vaccines (hepatitis B and COVID-19) and IPC knowledge among HCPs in Fako Division of Cameroon. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2024 among 276 HCPs from four health facilities in Fako Division. Data were collected using a pretested, structured, sel

Core Competencies of Nurses Working in Hospital Infection Prevention and Control: A Scoping Review and Cluster Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Infection prevention and control (IPC) nursing plays a central role in implementing IPC standards and preventing healthcare-associated infections. However, a unified core competency framework for IPC nursing roles has yet to be clearly defined. AIM: This study aimed to identify and synthesise the core competencies required for IPC nurses, including infection control nurses (ICNs) and infection control link nurses (ICLNs). It also examined how these competencies differ according to role responsibilities and explored patterns of association among competency domains. DESIGN: A scopi…

A biomimetic core-shell nanofibrous dressing for temporally coordinated infection control and mitochondrial protection in diabetic wounds.

Chronic infected diabetic wounds are driven by a self-reinforcing pathological cycle of bacterial infection, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation, wherein mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to impaired reparative macrophage polarization and angiogenesis. To address this, a skin-mimetic core-shell nanofibrous dressing (AT@PCS) was fabricated via coaxial electrospinning from a pullulan/quaternized chitosan (QCS) matrix, featuring a tannic acid (TA)-crosslinked shell for rapid barrier defense and an Astragalus polysaccharide (APS)-loaded core for sustained intracellular regulation. In vi

Research on age-stratified prevention and control strategies for pediatric RSV infection based on disease burden disparities.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the lack of effective antiviral treatments for respiratory syncytial virus, therefore, understanding the age-specific disparities in the burden of RSV infection can help identify targeted interventions. METHODS: This study stratified pediatric patients with RSV-related hospitalizations by age and compared demographic information, clinical features, imaging data, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS: The prevalence of RSV infection was higher in preterm infants under 2 years of age compared to those over 2 years. Among children over 1 year, the proportion with atopic disorders

Infection Prevention and Control in Türkiye: A Consensus Report from the 7th National Healthcare-Associated Infections Symposium.

Antimicrobial resistance continues to threaten modern healthcare systems, increasing the importance of effective infection prevention and co … tations in education and workforce capacity, gaps in standardization, and difficulties implementing infection control committee decisions. Participants emphasized strengthening institutional IPC culture, improving leadership visibility, simplifying data systems, and prioritizing sustainable behavioral change strategies.

Constitutive natural killer cell features associated with post-treatment control of SIV infection in the pVISCONTI study.

Post-treatment HIV controllers (PTC) offer a unique opportunity to uncover the determinants of durable remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption. Here, using six PTC and six post-treatment non-controllers from the pVISCONTI study in cynomolgus macaques, we identify associations between Natural Killer (NK) cell subsets and outcomes following ART interruption. NKG2Ahigh NK cells lacking NKp30/NKp46 (NKG2AhighNKp30-NKp46-), shaped by the MHC backgrounds of the animals, were linked to improved post-treatment control; this NK subset displayed tissue-homing potential and preserved fu

Интеграция ИИ в борьбу с инфекцией: оценка точности и последовательности четырех ведущих платформ в трех регионах.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Искусственная разведка (ИАС) стала ценным инструментом в области здравоохранения, поддерживающим диагностику и принятие решений. Однако интеграция в клиническую практику сопряжена с проблемами, включая качество данных, доступность и различия в региональных руководящих принципах. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке точности и последовательности ответов МА на меры по борьбе с инфекциями по сравнению с руководящими принципами ЦКЗ и в оценке того, как платформы решают сложные сценарии.МЕТОДЫ: Сопоставительный анализ четырех платформ ИИ был проведен с использованием

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool in health care, supporting diagnostics and decision making. However, … s study evaluates four major AI platforms (ChatGPT, Meta AI, Copilot, and OpenEvidence) against CDC infection control guidelines for varicella and measles across Canada, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.The objective was to assess the accuracy and consistency of AI responses on infection control measures compared with CDC guidelines and to evaluate how platforms ha …

Orchestrating Diabetic Wound Healing by a Sunlight-Activated AIEgen-Selenide Nanospray: From Infection Control to Tissue Regeneration.

Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic ulcers (DUs), are life-threatening complications driven by bacterial infection, persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and a dysfunctional immune microenvironment. Addressing these interconnected barriers requires a therapeutic strategy capable of coordinating infection control with tissue repair. Here, we report a sunlight-activated nanospray formulation (C@PSe) based on a covalently engineered aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-selenide triblock copolymer micelle that encapsulates curcumin (Cur). This system integrates three complementa…

Infection control and anti-apoptotic effect of Lactobacillus paracasei derivatives on fibroblasts through modulation of BCL2 transcription.

Limitations in current wound management strategies of infections with antibiotic resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have prompted the search … s probiotic derived products as a complementary therapy accelerating chronic wounds healing through infection control. However, further research including in vivo studies, comprehensive metabolite profiling, and elucidation of the underlying signaling pathways are necessary to validate and expand upon these findings.

Optimal control analysis to reduce the health complexity of co-infection with COVID-19 and kidney disease.

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a serious health risk, especially with diseases like kidney disease. There is no information in the literature on co-infection of kidney disease with COVID-19. Therefore, the current study introduces a deterministic mathematical model to explore the co-infection dynamics between COVID-19 and kidney disease, intending to offer insightful guidance for effective control strategies. The findings indicate that individuals with kidney disease are at an increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19, while COVID-19 can exacerbate kidney disease symptoms, creating a

Prolonged Prophylactic Ureteral Stent Placement and BK Polyomavirus Infection After Renal Transplantation-A Retrospective Case-control Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) poses a significant challenge in kidney transplant (KTX) recipients, potentially leading to BKPyV-associated nephropathy. Prophylactic ureteral stent (UrSt) placement is the standard care following KTX. Emerging data suggest that UrSt may influence the incidence and severity of BKPyV-DNAemia. We hypothesized a dose-dependent relationship between an indwelling UrSt and the risk of BKPyV-DNAemia in KTX recipients. METHODS: We included all KTX recipients with detectable BKPyV-DNAemia at the Medical University of Vienna from 2010 to 2021; those wi

High prevalence of Legionella and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas in portable hemodialysis RO systems: Implications for infection control.

BACKGROUND: This study was investigating bacterial contamination, particularly Legionella pneumophila and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in outlet water of stationary and portable reverse osmosis (RO) systems used in hemodialysis. Antibiotic resistance, and biofilm-related risks were compared to assess their implications for infection control in clinical settings. METHODS: This study was performed across 3 leading hospital hemodialysis units in Yazd City. Water samples were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, P aeruginosa, L pneumophila, and heterotrophic plate co…

An investigation of Infection Prevention and Control professionals' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global perspective.

BACKGROUND: Infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals played a vital role during COVID-19, yet their experiences remain largely unexplored. Understanding these experiences is crucial for strengthening health system preparedness for future outbreaks/pandemic. This study investigates IPC professionals' preparedness, response capacity, knowledge base, and barriers/enablers during COVID-19 to inform future pandemic planning. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2024 among IPC professionals worldwide through WHO's Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network partners