Результаты поиска

The Role of Basolateral Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Fear: A Systematic Review.

Fear is a primary adaptive response to potential threats. It triggers a complex cascade of physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that prepare an organism to cope with dangerous situations. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are both linked to adaptation, the generation of strong emotions, and decision-making. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze recent studies of the connections between the BLA and mPFC in the context of their neuroanatomy, cellular composition, micro-circuitry, and involvement in fear. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Item…

Differential modulation of contextual fear conditioning by orexin receptors in the dorsal hippocampus.

The dorsal hippocampus (DH) encodes contextual memories essential for adaptive responses to environmental threats. The lateral hypothalamus (LH), a primary source of orexinergic neurons in the brain, is also involved in the modulation of defensive behaviors. Although recent research links the orexinergic system to emotional processes, its role in the DH during the organization and expression of learned fear responses remains poorly understood. This study investigates the role of orexin receptor subtypes in DH during contextual fear conditioning. Anatomical tracing techniques revealed a direct …

SpiDa-MRI: behavioral and (f)MRI data of adults with fear of spiders.

Neuroimaging has greatly improved our understanding of phobic mechanisms. To expand on these advancements, we present data on the heterogeneity of neural patterns in spider phobia combined with various psychological dimensions of spider phobia, using spider-relevant stimuli of various intensities. Specifically, we have created a database in which 49 spider-fearful individuals viewed 225 spider-relevant images in the fMRI scanner and performed behavioral avoidance tasks before and after the fMRI scan. For each participant, the database consists of the neuroimaging part, which includes an anatom…

Examining the relationship between fear of falling and depression in older adults in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The specific mechanisms involved in the relationship between depression and fear of falling have not yet been fully elucidated. This study was planned to determine the possible causes of depressive symptoms in the presence of falls. METHODS: Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, including age, height, weight, body mass index, educational status, occupation, individuals living with them, disease-related characteristics, fall risk using Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) self-report scale, were assessed. RE…

Feared Self, Inferential Confusion, and Magical Ideation in Obsessive Compulsive Phenomena.

Recent literature suggests that the feared self, a version of self that one is afraid of becoming, is related to obsessive-compulsive (OC) phenomena. However, as this construct is not specific, the existence of the feared self itself does not fully explain why some people may develop obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) while others do not. This indicates that other constructs may play a role, in particular those that may influence the tendency of individuals endorsing negative imagined possibilities over reality-including inferential confusion and magical ideation. Inferential confusion is a r…

The Impact of Adding Multisensory Stimulation to a Fear of Heights Virtual Reality Experience.

INTRODUCTION: The sense of presence (SP) is a critical factor in eliciting emotional responses during virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for treating anxiety disorders. Multisensory stimulation has been suggested as an effective method to enhance the SP in VR environments. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between SP and anxiety in a VR environment designed to simulate fear of heights (FoH). Specifically, it compares the levels of SP and anxiety experienced in multisensory (i.e., visual, auditory and tactile stimulation) versus bisensory (i.e., visual and auditor…

Measuring implicit bias in height-fearful participants with the Approach-Avoidance Task.

Height fear might involve dysfunctional, implicit biases in attention and avoidance in the presence of height-related stimuli. The present study used an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) for fear of heights to investigate the association between height fear and alterations in attention and approach-avoidance tendencies. The AAT for height-related stimuli assessed individuals' response times when pulling or pushing height-related vs. control images. Self-reported and interview-based measures of height fear were used to measure associations with selective attention and implicit avoidance in a height…

Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals.

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a fundamental process in both health and disease. We investigate its neural correlates and sources of variability using harmonized functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 2199 individuals across nine countries, including 1888 healthy individuals and 311 with anxiety-related or depressive disorders. Using mega-analysis and normative modeling, we show that fear conditioning consistently engages brain regions within the "central autonomic-interoceptive" or "salience" network. Several task variables strongly modulate activity in these regions, contributing to…

Diagnostic classification of fear of childbirth: why specific phobia may not be enough.

BACKGROUND: Fear of childbirth (FoB) is a common experience during pregnancy which can cause clinically significant distress and impairment. To date, a number of investigations of FoB have assumed that clinically significant FoB is best understood as a type of specific phobia. However, preliminary evidence suggests that specific phobia may not be the only diagnostic category under which clinically significant symptoms of FoB are best described. AIM: The current study is the first to investigate which DSM-5 diagnostic categories best describe clinically significant symptoms of FoB. METHOD: Pr…

Antisaccade performance in spider phobia and its association with multimodal correlates of fear.

INTRODUCTION: This study explored inhibitory control in spider phobic (SP) and healthy control (HC) individuals using an emotional antisaccade task. Attentional control theory (ACT) suggests anxiety related deficits in inhibitory control, yet studies on antisaccade performance in anxiety disordered patients are sparse. This study addressed this research gap and additionally aimed to explore putative associations of antisaccade performance with multimodal measures of fear of spiders. METHODS: A sample of 76 participants (41 SP, 35 HC) completed an antisaccade task, employing schematic pictures…

Anxiety, pain, and fear of pain: predictors of postural stability after a concussion.

A concussion can lead to anxiety, pain, kinesiophobia, and/or postural control deficits. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating adolescents with a recent concussion. We hypothesized that those reporting higher levels of anxiety, pain-interference, and kinesiophobia would perform worse on postural control tests. Participants completed anxiety, pain-interference, and kinesiophobia ratings and postural control tests (single/dual-task tandem gait and a modified balance error scoring system). Using a multivariable linear regression model, we evaluated the relationship among anxiety, pain-i

Боязнь рецидива в множестве склерозов: изучение роли совершенства и нетерпимости к неопределенности.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Повторные выбросы MS (RRMS) характеризуются значительной неопределенностью в силу непредсказуемого характера нападений и их переменного воздействия на функциональность. Такая неопределенность усиливает страх пациентов перед нападениями, что, в свою очередь, отрицательно сказывается на их благополучии и качестве жизни. Однако основополагающие механизмы, лежащие в основе этого страха, по-прежнему недостаточно понятны. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в изучении взаимосвязи между страхом рецидива, совершенством и нетерпимостью в отношении неопределенности у отдельны

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is characterized by considerable uncertainty due to the unpredictable nature of attacks and their variable impact on functionality. This uncertainty contributes to patients' fear of attacks, which in turn adversely affects their well-being and quality of life. However, the underlying mechanisms driving this fear rema…

Боязнь прогрессирования заболеваний и рецидива при множественном склерозе: систематический обзор аналитического исследования.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим заболеванием центральной нервной системы, которое чаще всего затрагивает людей в раннем возрасте. Неопределенность в отношении будущих рецидивов и накопления инвалидности может привести к значительным психологическим расстройствам, что будет способствовать снижению качества жизни. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель этого систематического аналитического обзора заключалась в обобщении текущих данных о распространенности, детерминантах и последствиях боязни рецидива и развития болезней у людей, живущих с НР. МЕТОД: Нынешний систематический обзор аналитического исследования

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, most commonly affecting individuals in early adultho … ng review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of fear of relapse and disease progression in people living with MS. METHOD: The current systematic scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception until October 6th. Original, English-language …

Resting-state functional connectivity in gelotophobes: A neuroscientific perspective on the fear of laughter.

Gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at, is characterized by heightened sensitivity to ridicule and a tendency to perceive laughter in social situations as mocking. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquires brain functional connectivity while the individual remains at rest, without engaging in specific tasks. Recent studies have investigated task-based fMRI and white matter in gelotophobes; however, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in this group remains unclear. This study aimed to examine differences in rsFC between gelotophobes and non-gelotoph…

The distinct effects of fearful and disgusting scenes on self-relevant face recognition.

Self-face recognition denotes the process by which a person can recognize their own face by distinguishing it from another's face. Although many research studies have explored the inhibition effect of negative information on self-relevant face processing, few researchers have examined whether negative scenes influence self-relevant face processing. Fearful and disgusting scenes are typical negative scenes, but little research to data has examined their discriminative effects on self-relevant face recognition. To investigate these issues, the current study explored the effect of negative scenes…

Ecosystem Barriers and Facilitators Linked to the Fear of Cancer Recurrence: An Umbrella Review.

The fear of cancer recurrence is an important topic in the healthcare field. In general, approximately 40% of survivors experience high levels of fear of recurrence. This study aims to fill this gap by synthesizing the findings of systematic reviews studies investigating ecosystems, correlates or predictors, and barriers and facilitators of fear of cancer recurrence among cancer survivors. An umbrella meta-synthesis was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, Business source premier, and SOCindex, ending in April 2024 with PRISMA methods. A total of 24…

Mandala as a New Intervention for Reducing Fear of Childbirth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Fear of childbirth is common in nulliparous women. More accessible and less costly interventions such as mandala are needed to reduce fear of childbirth. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of mandala coloring added to antenatal education to reduce fear of childbirth. METHODS: An open, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT05217368). Nulliparous pregnant women without pregnancy complications, between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation, and with increased fear of chil…

Falls, fear of falling, and related factors in patients with diabetic foot disease.

BACKGROUND: Falls and fear of falling (FOF) are common in patients with diabetic foot disease (DFD). PURPOSE: To understand the relationship between falls, FOF, and related factors in patients with DFD. METHOD: We recruited 70 patients being treated for DFD at two hospitals in Korea. A structured questionnaire was used in investigating fall experience, FOF, and related factors. RESULTS: Among the participants, 42.8 % fell in the past year, and FOF was reported in 57.1 %. Rates of "no caregiver," "DFD duration (>1 year)," and "burning pain" were higher in fallers than non-fallers. The rates …

Overcoming Fear of Flying: A Combined Approach of Psychopharmacology and Gradual Exposure Therapy.

Aviophobia, the fear of flying, is a prevalent type of situational-specific phobia categorized under anxiety disorders in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Patients with aviophobia experience intense, irrational fear when traveling by air. Active avoidance of the phobic stimulus is a diagnostic feature that affects one's quality of life and commonly leads to significant functional limitations. Virtual reality based gradual exposure therapy is a treatment option for aviophobia due to its easy accessibility and low cost, but it may not be very effe…