BMJ open · 2025
What is the Zanzibari craftswomen's experience on eyeglass use, business challenges and solutions? Participatory action research using solicited diaries and listening workshop narratives.
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Omar Fatma, Pillai Bhagyalaxmi Shivalingam, Othman Omar Juma, Holland Eleanor, Mashayo Eden, Shah Kajal, Graham Ronnie, Graham Christine, Chan Ving Fai
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To present older presbyopic Zanzibari craftswomen's firsthand experiences with the eyeglasses, the challenges they face in advancing their businesses and proposed solutions to these challenges.
DESIGN: This participatory action research used solicited diaries, where 10 craftswomen documented their experiences with presbyopia correction for 6 months. The diaries were translated into English for qualitative content analysis. Researchers then held a 2-day listening workshop with 20 craftswomen to discuss the diary findings and gather their perspectives on challenges and solutions. These workshops included group discussions and debates to encourage open communication. Narrative analysis was conducted to identify the key narratives.
SETTING: Zanzibar, Unguja and Pemba Islands.
PARTICIPANTS: Zanzibari craftswomen entrepreneurs with corrected presbyopia, 40 years and older.
INTERVENTION: Presbyopia near vision eyeglasses for 6 months.
RESULTS: The study found that improved vision with eyeglasses significantly benefits craftswomen in Zanzibar. They experience increased work efficiency, quality and income. Craftswomen also reported greater independence, confidence and participation in daily activities. However, limited market access and competition restrict their income growth. Business skills training in areas like marketing and finance is seen as a solution for sustainable success.
CONCLUSIONS: Improved near vision was associated with enhanced productivity, financial confidence and well-being among craftswomen. However, persistent barriers-including limited market access, competition and lack of business skills-highlight that a vision-only approach may not address the intersectional challenges faced by older women entrepreneurs in Zanzibar. These findings suggest that integrated strategies combining vision care with business mentoring may offer more sustainable support.
DESIGN: This participatory action research used solicited diaries, where 10 craftswomen documented their experiences with presbyopia correction for 6 months. The diaries were translated into English for qualitative content analysis. Researchers then held a 2-day listening workshop with 20 craftswomen to discuss the diary findings and gather their perspectives on challenges and solutions. These workshops included group discussions and debates to encourage open communication. Narrative analysis was conducted to identify the key narratives.
SETTING: Zanzibar, Unguja and Pemba Islands.
PARTICIPANTS: Zanzibari craftswomen entrepreneurs with corrected presbyopia, 40 years and older.
INTERVENTION: Presbyopia near vision eyeglasses for 6 months.
RESULTS: The study found that improved vision with eyeglasses significantly benefits craftswomen in Zanzibar. They experience increased work efficiency, quality and income. Craftswomen also reported greater independence, confidence and participation in daily activities. However, limited market access and competition restrict their income growth. Business skills training in areas like marketing and finance is seen as a solution for sustainable success.
CONCLUSIONS: Improved near vision was associated with enhanced productivity, financial confidence and well-being among craftswomen. However, persistent barriers-including limited market access, competition and lack of business skills-highlight that a vision-only approach may not address the intersectional challenges faced by older women entrepreneurs in Zanzibar. These findings suggest that integrated strategies combining vision care with business mentoring may offer more sustainable support.