Pediatric and inherited neurovascular diseases.

Pediatric and inherited neurovascular syndromes have diverse presentations and treatments. Although many of these diseases are uncommon, they must be included in the differential diagnosis for children with strokes or hemorrhages. In neurosurgical practice, familial cavernous malformations, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), and moyamoya are the most frequently encountered of these diseases. In this article, we will discuss familial cavernomas and HHT, as well as more unusual entities such as PHACE(S) syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, Wyburn-Mason syndrome, sinus pericranii, radiation-induced vasculopathy, and blue rubber bleb nevus (BRBN) syndrome. Moyamoya disease is covered in several other articles in this volume.