The Clinical Presentation and Comorbidities Associated with Granuloma Annulare in the Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Study.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a cutaneous inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, typically characterized by an annular arrangement of dermal papules and nodules. While GA in adults has been linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and other conditions, these associations have been less studied in children. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all pediatric patients diagnosed with GA at an urban academic institution over a 7-year period. A total of 47 patients were reviewed. Of these, 41 (85.1%) patients had localized GA, 3 (6.38%) had subcutaneous GA, 2 (4.26%) had generalized GA, and 1 (2.13%) had both localized and subcutaneous GA. The extremities were the most common site of involvement across all morphologies. Atopic conditions were determined in 23 (48.9%) patients, 16 (34.0%) of which had asthma, either alone or in conjunction with atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis. None of the patients carried a diagnosis of DM, and all 11 patients who were tested within 3 years of the documented visit had normal results. In summary, this retrospective series characterizes the presentation of pediatric GA and highlights a potential association with atopy. An association with DM was not observed.