10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid /matrine deep eutectic solvent encapsulated in hyalurosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery and antioxidant efficacy.

As the primary functional constituent of royal jelly, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, its practical application in cosmetic formulations has been severely limited by poor aqueous and oily solubility. To overcome these drawbacks, a deep eutectic solvent composed of 10-HDA and matrine (designated HM-DES) was first prepared to improve its solubility. Furthermore, HM-DES was encapsulated into sodium hyaluronate-decorated liposomes named hyalurosomes (HA-HM-Lip) to further enhance its transdermal delivery efficiency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) verified that 10-HDA and matrine formed a stable, amorphous, homogeneous system through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The optimized HA-HM-Lip formulation was prepared at a 10-HDA-to-matrine molar ratio of 10:8. Zeta potential measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful coating of sodium hyaluronate onto the liposomal surface. The resulting formulation exhibited excellent stability under various physicochemical stresses, including different temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, dilution, and high-ionic-strength environments. In vitro transdermal permeation studies revealed that HA-HM-Lip significantly enhanced the deposition of 10-HDA in the stratum corneum, viable epidermis and dermis compared with free 10-HDA, HM-DES, and HM-Lip. Moreover, the HA-HM-Lip system efficiently scavenged DPPH and superoxide anion radicals. Cellular assays revealed that HA-HM-Lip not only reduced intracellular ROS levels in HaCaT cells and markedly suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α), but also promoted HaCaT cell migration and effectively attenuated senescence in HFF-1 cells. In summary, the HA-HM-Lip nanodelivery system established in this study effectively improves the solubility and transdermal permeability of 10-HDA while enhancing its biological activities.