Open veterinary journal · 2025
Effects of repeated 14-day oral toxicity of fermented Crescentia cujete (L.) on histopathology, GM-CSF, COX-2, antioxidants, and MDA levels in male Sprague Dawley rats.
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Prakoso Yos Adi, Isla Krestel Joy Viernes, Wijayanti Agustina Dwi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Fermented Crescentia cujete L supernatant of fermented Crescentia cujete (SFC) is a potential alternative therapy for ischemic stroke. However, the effects of SFC on various organs, the immune system, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) still need to be better understood.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effects of SFC in rat models through a 14-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study, focusing on histopathology, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), antioxidants, and MDA.
METHODS: This study used 20 male Sprague Dawley rat models. Rats were divided into four groups: 0, 50, 500, and 2,000 mg/kg BW SFC. The therapy was administered orally and repeated once daily for 14 days. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and samples were collected. The samples were tested against histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antioxidant level, and MDA. The data were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: The results indicated that SFC did not affect histopathology (p ≥ 0.05), except for an increase in bronchial associated lymphoid tissue activity in lung tissue and congestion in the stomach mucosa (p ≤ 0.05). SFC did not influence the rats' serum protein levels (p ≥ 0.05), but it did increase the level of GM-CSF and decrease the level of COX-2 in the serum and various organs (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, SFC increased the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidants while decreasing the MDA level at a dosage of 2,000 mg/kg BW (p ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The 14-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study of SFC did not show severe histopathological changes; however, it increased GM-CSF and antioxidant levels, which suppressed COX-2 and MDA levels.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effects of SFC in rat models through a 14-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study, focusing on histopathology, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), antioxidants, and MDA.
METHODS: This study used 20 male Sprague Dawley rat models. Rats were divided into four groups: 0, 50, 500, and 2,000 mg/kg BW SFC. The therapy was administered orally and repeated once daily for 14 days. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and samples were collected. The samples were tested against histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antioxidant level, and MDA. The data were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: The results indicated that SFC did not affect histopathology (p ≥ 0.05), except for an increase in bronchial associated lymphoid tissue activity in lung tissue and congestion in the stomach mucosa (p ≤ 0.05). SFC did not influence the rats' serum protein levels (p ≥ 0.05), but it did increase the level of GM-CSF and decrease the level of COX-2 in the serum and various organs (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, SFC increased the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidants while decreasing the MDA level at a dosage of 2,000 mg/kg BW (p ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The 14-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study of SFC did not show severe histopathological changes; however, it increased GM-CSF and antioxidant levels, which suppressed COX-2 and MDA levels.