First metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis outcomes for hallux rigidus versus hallux valgus.

BACKGROUND

This study compared radiographic and functional patient outcomes of 1st MTP arthrodesis between hallux rigidus (HR) and hallux valgus (HV) cohorts.

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted at an academic medical center on patients who underwent 1st MTP arthrodesis during 2009-2021. In total, 136 patients (148 feet: HR=57, HV=47, combined=44) met the inclusion criteria of minimum three-month follow-up (mean=1.25 years, range=0.25-6.14 years). Data collection included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), radiographic markers, and complication and reoperation rates.

RESULTS

PROMs improved overall, with HV patients significantly improving the least. The HR group had a significantly smaller improvement in HV angle (HR=-3.6, HV=-17, Combined=-15 p < .001), intermetatarsal angle (H=-0.16, HV=-2.8, Combined=-2.6 p < .001), and 1st-5th metatarsal width (HR=-0.98, HV=-4.6, Combined=-4.6, p < .001). Complication and reoperation rates did not differ by group.

CONCLUSION

Outcomes of 1st MTP arthrodesis does not appear to differ between diagnostic indications of hallux rigidus, hallux valgus, or both.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective cohort study.