Percutaneous Calcaneal Osteotomies: Principles, Evolution, and Safety.

Calcaneal osteotomies are routinely performed to correct symptomatic hindfoot deformities. The following article presents a review of the evolution and current state of percutaneous calcaneal sliding osteotomy. The procedure and its modifications are described in detail including the choice of fixation, the shape, orientation, and location of the osteotomy. The percutaneous Zadek osteotomy, a dorsal closing wedge osteotomy of the calcaneal tuberosity, indicated for insertional Achilles tendinopathy, is described in a separate paragraph. The main advantage of percutaneous calcaneal osteotomies is significantly reduced soft tissue morbidity, resulting in considerably less pain, fewer wound healing problems, lower infection rates, and fewer nerve lesions.