Surgical management of hallux rigidus.

Hallux rigidus is the most common degenerative joint pathology of the foot. Untreated, it may result in notable limitations in gait, activity level, and daily function. Positive outcomes can be achieved with nonsurgical management; surgery is recommended for the sufficiently symptomatic patient for whom nonsurgical measures are unsuccessful. Surgery is selected based on grade of involvement. Early to mid-stage hallux rigidus is best managed with cheilectomy or cheilectomy and proximal phalanx osteotomy. Arthrodesis and arthroplasty are reserved for late-stage hallux rigidus.