Effect of Oral Frailty on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Mediating Effects of Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia.

PURPOSE: The current study investigated the serial mediating effects of nutritional status and sarcopenia on the relationship between oral frailty and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 126 older adults aged ≥65 years at a public health center in South Korea. Oral frailty, nutritional status, and cognitive function were assessed using structured questionnaires. Sarcopenia was evaluated based on muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed.

RESULTS

Oral frailty was significantly associated with cognitive decline. Nutritional status and sarcopenia sequentially mediated this relationship, suggesting a muscle-brain-nutrition pathway that links oral health to cognitive outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention for oral frailty. Gerontological nursing interventions should integrate oral health assessment, nutritional support, and physical activity promotion to maintain cognitive function in older adults.