The Gut-Muscle Axis in Sarcopenia: From Parallel Aging to a Self-Perpetuating Vicious Cycle.

Sarcopenia and gut dysbiosis form a bidirectional vicious cycle where microbial changes drive systemic inflammation and muscle loss. Conversely, declining muscle metabolism further disrupts the microbiome. While "bottom-up" microbial interventions show promise in restoring muscle integrity, more research is needed on "top-down" muscle rejuvenation to fully confirm this interaction.