Factors associated with nonunion of the posttraumatic subtalar arthrodesis after displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the incidence of and risk factors for nonunion in patients with posttraumatic subtalar arthrodesis (SA).

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed 165 posttraumatic SA cases. Nonunion was diagnosed at 6 months after surgery based on the findings of clinical evaluations, plain radiographs, and CT scans. Patient-specific factors and surgeon-specific factors were evaluated as potential risk factors.

RESULTS

The overall nonunion rate was 13.3 % (22 of 165 cases). In the final multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 3.64; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-10.75), parallel screw configuration (OR = 5.70; 95 % CI = 1.62-20.06), and freeze dried iliac crest (OR = 9.16; 95 % CI = 2.28-36.79) were demonstrated as risk factors for nonunion of posttraumatic SA.

CONCLUSION

Patients with a history of smoking, parallel screw configuration fixation, and those who received freeze dried iliac crest as an interpositional graft, had a significantly higher rate of nonunion.