Managing Severely Malunited Calcaneal Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations.

Severe calcaneal malunions are debilitating conditions owing to substantial hindfoot deformity with subtalar arthritis and soft tissue imbalance. Type III malunions are best treated with a subtalar distraction bone block fusion. Additional osteotomies may be required for severe varus or superior displacement of the calcaneal tuberosity. Type IV malunions result from malunited calcaneal fracture-dislocations and require a 3-dimensional corrective osteotomy. Type V malunions warrant additional ankle debridement and reconstruction of the calcaneal shape to provide support for the talus in the ankle mortise. Accompanying soft tissue procedures include Achilles tendon lengthening, peroneal tendon release, and rerouting behind the lateral malleolus.