Are sarcopenia, frailty and malnutrition prognostic markers of liver disease decompensation in the ambulatory setting? - A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND

sarcopenia, frailty and malnutrition are associated with adverse outcomes in liver cirrhosis. Studies assessing the prognostic value of these conditions in ambulatory patients with cirrhosis are scarce.

METHODS

a prospective cohort study was performed, with consecutive inclusion of all patients with cirrhosis observed in the Hepatology outpatient clinic of a Portuguese tertiary center. At study enrolment, evaluation of muscle mass (ultrasound quadriceps femoris thickness), muscle strength (handgrip dynamometry) and nutritional status (Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form) were performed. Follow-up ended upon the occurrence of a composite endpoint, comprising of liver decompensation events and liver-related death, or last medical appointment/non-liver related death before the end of the study. The prognostic value of anthropometrical parameters and nutritional status in the composite endpoint was assessed using a multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for several confounders.

RESULTS

ninety patients were enrolled (80 % male), with a mean age of 63.5 ± 10.5 years. The median follow-up was 30 (interquartile range 38) weeks, during which, 12 patients reached the composite endpoint. These patients presented a lower mean handgrip strength (23.1 ± 6.41 vs 30.3 ± 10.4 kg, p = 0.04) compared to patients who did not reach the composite endpoint. However, Cox regression multivariate analysis did not find any independent predictors of the composite endpoint, apart from previous decompensation episodes.

CONCLUSION

in this study, muscle strength was lower in the group of patients with cirrhosis who presented a liver-related event. Handgrip strength might be a promising tool in the ambulatory setting to identify patients at risk of liver decompensation and liver-related death in the short term.