The effect of early enucleation on the orbit in animals and humans.

Facial asymmetry and cosmetic deformity can occur following enucleation. The effect of enucleation on the growth of the orbit can be demonstrated in the rabbit and cat by early enucleation, X-ray study and dry skull measurements. In 42 human patients the anophthalmic orbital changes are determined by roentgenograms. The influencing factors of age and the use of implants are discussed as to changes in the rim, orbital walls and volume, and optic foramina measurements. Growth retardation due to roentgen ray therapy and other clinical aspects are considered which would influence the appropriate clinical management.