Acute renal failure following snakebite.

Eight patients with acute renal failure following snakebite were studied. Intravascular hemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation contributed to the development of acute renal failure in 6 patients. Direct nephrotoxicity causing acute renal failure is postulated in 2 patients, 1 of whom also revealed evidence of mild, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Three patients had histopathological lesions of acute symmetrical cortical necrosis and 3 had acute tubular necrosis. In 1 patient with acute tubular necrosis, in whom direct nephrotoxicity seemed to be responsible for renal failure, the striking histological feature was a uniform debasement and disappearance of tubular epithelium. In 2 patients with a clinical course of acute tubular necrosis, histological lesions could not be documented. All the 5 patients with acute tubular necrosis regained full recovery of renal function, 3 of them with the help of dialysis and 2 with conservative management. None of the 3 patients with acute cortical necrosis survived in spite of intermittent dialysis therapy.