Spondylo-costal dysplasia. A further report--review of 14 cases.

Fourteen patients with spondylo-costal dysplasia were analysed. 3 of them presented without obvious associated anomalies "pure" spondylo-costal dysplasias; 2 had several components consistent with Vater (Vacterl)-Association; 2 showed malformations which are often encountered in Vater (Vacterl)-Association; 4 presented with minor malformations; 3 had major associated malformations rarely seen in Vater (Vacterl)-Association. Thoracic spine and costal malsegmentation can be sporadically observed in other "errors in septation complex" (axial mesodermal dysplasia) including severe myelomeningocoele and diastematomyelia.