Craniosynostosis - A Review for Providers.

Craniosynostosis is premature fusion of one or more sutures of the cranial vault. Craniosynostosis may occur as an isolated condition or can be syndromic involving multiple body systems. The specific suture affected results in different types of craniosynostosis, each with a characteristic head shape. Recognition of predictable head shape presentations is essential to enable prompt diagnosis and differentiation from other etiologies of cranial asymmetry. The diagnosis of craniosynostosis relies on a detailed history and physical exam as well as radiographic studies. Infants should be referred to a craniofacial center or trained specialist such as a pediatric neurosurgeon as soon as they are diagnosed. Untreated craniosynostosis may result in worsening craniofacial deformity, inhibition of brain growth, and life-threatening increased intracranial pressure. Due to the risks associated with untreated craniosynostosis, surgery is commonly performed soon after diagnosis. Current surgical methods include open calvarial remodeling and minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. Early referral allows all surgical treatment options to be explored.