Intracranial Vascular Malformations in Children.

Intracranial vascular malformations (IVMs) represent a significant challenge in pediatric medicine due to their diagnostic and therapeutic complexity. Despite their rarity, the severity of potential neurologic outcomes necessitates a comprehensive understanding and approach to management. This article aims to provide an overview of pediatric IVMs, specifically nidal arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, capillary telangiectasias, and developmental venous anomalies, and highlight the importance of advanced diagnostic imaging and therapeutic strategies in improving outcomes. Vein of Galen malformations, pial arteriovenous fistulas, dural sinus malformations, and intracranial venous malformations will be addressed in other articles. Following a discussion of imaging and clinical considerations within the field, novel imaging techniques will be discussed.