Knowledge, Beliefs, and Perceptions of Asthma in a Population of Caregivers of Asthmatic Children in Bogotá, Colombia: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of asthma among caregivers in Bogotá, Colombia, a middle-income country (MIC). It provides insights into how these factors influence self-management and adherence.

METHODS

Trained facilitators conducted focus groups composed of caregivers of asthmatic children. Interview data were analyzed and coded using a process of open coding transcription, followed by inductive thematic-based coding. The basic codes were then elaborated into a framework of thematic categories within NVivo.

RESULTS

Sixteen caregivers were divided into two focus groups. Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions about asthma and inhalation therapy, interactions between caregivers and other individuals, the use of traditional and natural medicine, and the availability of essential medications for asthma therapy were highlighted by the participant caregivers. Although some of the issues identified in these topics are similar to those described in high-income countries, there are some differences, particularly regarding the fears of patients developing addiction to medications due to the use of inhalation therapy in childhood, the lifelong requirement of inhalation therapy, and the use of traditional versus natural medicine.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study's findings provide insights into how caregivers understand asthma and its treatment in their children. These insights can serve as a basis for more targeted and effective educational interventions in Colombia and other countries with similar socio-economic and cultural conditions.