Craniofacial syndromes and surgery.

LEARNING

OBJECTIVES

After studying this article, the participant should be able to: (1) Understand craniofacial dysmorphology and identify basic pediatric craniofacial syndromes. (2) Understand the functional concerns associated with these syndromes. (3) Achieve familiarity with the management protocols for the treatment of pediatric craniofacial syndromes.

SUMMARY: This article provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of infants and children with craniofacial syndromes. Treatment protocols from The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, are highlighted.