Glioblastoma multiforme: a glance at advanced therapies based on nanotechnology.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, grade IV) is the most common malignant and invasive central nervous system tumor with poor survival outcome. Various pathogenesis signatures such as genetic mutation, hypoxia, necrosis and neo-angiogenesis are involved in GBM. Standard treatment includes surgical resection along with radiation therapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy that do not improve the overall survival of patients. In this review, we focused on the diagnosis, risk factors and novel therapies, using advanced therapies such as nanotechnology in drug delivery, gene therapy and hyperthermia that have promising roles in the treatment of aggressive brain tumors.