Shared and Distinct Alterations in Brain Structure of Youth With Internalizing or Externalizing Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior, ADHD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Anxiety Working Groups.
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Sophie Townend, Staginnus Marlene, Gao Yidian, Alexander Nina, Arolt Volker, Banaschewski Tobias, Beesdo-Baum Katja, Bellgrove Mark A, Benegal Vivek, Blair Robert J, Blanco-Hinojo Laura, Boeken Ole Jonas, Böhnlein Joscha, Bölte Sven, Bonnekoh Linda M, Brandeis Daniel, Bressan Rodrigo A, Breuer Fabian, Bruin Willem B, Buitelaar Jan K, Burkhouse Katie L, Calkins Monica E, Cano Marta, Cardoner Narcis, Chen Hui, Chen Xianliang, Coghill David R, Colins Olivier F, Connolly Colm G, Craig Michael C, Cullen Kathryn R, Dannlowski Udo, Davey Christopher G, Dietrich Andrea, Dong Daifeng, Freitag Christine M, Frodl Thomas, Goossens Liesbet, Grotegerd Dominik, Gur Raquel E, Gur Ruben C, Haavik Jan, Hagan Cindy C, Hahn Tim, Hamm Alfons O, Harrison Ben J, Hartman Catharina A, Herrmann Martin J, Ho Tiffany C, Hoekstra Pieter J, Holla Bharath, Ibrahim Karim, Jackowski Andrea, Jamalabadi Hamidreza, Jiang Yali, Kircher Tilo, Konrad Kerstin, Kraus Anna, Kuntsi Jonna, Langhammer Till, Lazaro Luisa, Leehr Elisabeth J, Lueken Ulrike, Ma Ren, MacMaster Frank P, Manfro Gisele G, Martinelli Anne, Meinert Hannah, Meinert Susanne, Michałowski Jarosław M, Ming Qingsen, Moeck Robert, Muehlhan Markus, Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R, Mwangi Benson, Neufeld Janina, Nigg Joel T, O'Gorman Tuura Ruth L, Oh Hyuntaek, Oosterlaan Jaap, Paloyelis Yannis, Pan Pedro M, Passamonti Luca, Peñate Wenceslao, Phan K Luan, Plessen Kerstin J, Pujol Jesus, Remnélius Karl Lundin, Rivero Francisco, Rubia Katya, Salas Ramiro, Salum Giovanni A, Satterthwaite Theodore D, Schienle Anne, Schrammen Elisabeth, Schruers Koen R J, Schumann Gunter, Sethi Arjun, Silk Tim, Skokauskas Norbert, Smoller Jordan W, Soares Jair C, Sørensen Lin, Stadler Christina, Stevens Michael C, Straube Benjamin, Straube Thomas, Ströhle Andreas, Sudre Gustavo, Sukhodolsky Denis G, Sully Kate, Sun Xiaoqiang, Sylvester Chad M, Toschi Nicola, van der Werff Steven J A, Vance Alasdair, Vermeiren Robert, Wabnegger Albert, Wang Xiaoping, Wendt Julia, Whittle Sarah, Wiemer Julian, Winkler Anderson M, Wittchen Hans U, Wu Mon-Ju, Wu Qiong, Yang Tony T, Yang Yunbo, Yao Shuqiao, Zhang Jibiao, Zhou Jiansong, Zugman Andre, Zunta-Soares Giovana B, Zwanzger Peter M, Thomopoulos Sophia I, Jahanshad Neda, Thompson Paul M, Hilbert Kevin, Baskin-Sommers Arielle, Cecil Charlotte A M, Aghajani Moji, Pine Daniel S, van der Wee Nic J A, Stein Dan J, Groenewold Nynke A, Bas-Hoogendam Janna Marie, Han Laura K M, Pozzi Elena, Schmaal Lianne, Franke Barbara, Hoogman Martine, Walton Esther, De Brito Stephane A, Fairchild Graeme, ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior, Anxiety, ADHD, and MDD Working Groups
Аннотация
METHODS: 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from youths (age range 4-21 years) with anxiety disorders (n = 1044), depression (n = 504), ADHD (n = 1317), and CD (n = 1172) along with healthy control participants (n = 4743) were analyzed. We assessed group differences in regional cortical thickness, surface area (SA), and subcortical volume using linear models, adjusted for site, age, and sex, as well as total intracranial volume in the SA and subcortical volume models.
RESULTS: We observed transdiagnostic associations, with both internalizing and externalizing disorders characterized by lower SA in the insula, entorhinal cortex, and middle temporal gyrus and lower amygdala volume (Cohen's ds = -0.07 to -0.24) as well as total SA and intracranial volume (ds = -0.11 to -0.25). Externalizing-specific reductions in SA were observed in frontoparietal regions (ds = -0.08 to -0.13), but no internalizing-specific associations were identified. Disorder-specific alterations were identified for ADHD, CD, and anxiety disorders but not depression.
CONCLUSIONS: Both common and disorder-specific alterations were identified, with regions involved in salience attribution and emotion processing implicated across internalizing and externalizing disorders. These novel findings can guide future research targeting common biological processes across youth psychiatric disorders as well as features unique to individual disorders.