Situs inversus totalis: the association of Kartagener's syndrome with diffuse bronchiolitis and azoospermia.

Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is characterised by bronchiectasis, paranasal sinusitis and situs inversus totalis (SIT). Association of diffuse bronchiolitis (DB) with KS has been documented from Japan only. Fourteen patients with SIT were seen in one unit over 7 years. All patients underwent a similar work up which included high resolution computed-tomography (HRCT) of thorax and CT-paranasal sinuses. Semen analysis was done in 2/3 adult males. Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females) had KS while 3 adult females had SIT alone. HRCT-thorax detected bronchiectasis in 10/11 patients with KS. HRCT-thorax confirmed DB in 6/11 patients with KS. One adult male had total sperm count of 2.5 million/ml without sperm motility while the other had no sperms. This series documents the largest number of patients with SIT/KS from India and highlights for the first time, the association of DB with KS from India.