Multifunctional Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide-Based Composite Sponges for Massive Hemorrhage.

Massive hemorrhage from trauma or surgery is a leading cause of accidental death, and bacterial infection poses a serious additional risk after bleeding. Enhancing hemostatic efficacy while minimizing blood loss in the body has consistently been a primary objective for researchers. In this study, the hemostatic efficacy and tissue adhesion strength of a hemostatic material were improved by incorporating alginate and chitosan with Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) through electrostatic interactions. Tissue and blood cell adhesion assays, along with in vivo hemostasis experiments, demonstrated that the composite sponges significantly promoted blood clot formation and enhanced tissue adhesion strength, effectively reducing hemostasis time and rapidly preventing blood loss. These composite hemostatic sponges were shown to have a good antibacterial activity, with the ACSF 2.5 hemostatic sponges having an antibacterial ability of 92.6% against E. coli and 92.0% against S. aureus, effectively preventing wound infection. In addition, these composite hemostatic sponges exhibited excellent in vitro biocompatibility, with no cytotoxicity, hemolysis, or other adverse biological reactions. Finally, cell proliferation assays and cell staining analyses confirmed the exceptional biocompatibility of the composite hemostatic sponges. Overall, these properties make the composite sponge a promising candidate for rapid hemostasis in penetrating or deep wounds with substantial bleeding.