Ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.

In addition to recording the motion of the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonic valves, echocardiography can identify right and left ventricular cavities and the interventricular septum. Disorders such as atrial-septal defect, valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, and the hypoplastic left-heart syndrome can readily be evaluated by echocardiography. In tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus, discontinuity between the anterior aortic wall and septum with overriding aorta has been demonstrated. Doubleoutlet right ventricle is associated with posterior aortic wall and mitral valve discontinuity. In disorders such as single ventricle, tricuspid atresia, and endocardial cushion defect with common A-V canal, echocardiographic demonstration of the absence of the interventricular septum has provided the clinician with valuable information. Newer techniques such as compound-B ultrasonography, which produces a two-dimensional cross-sectional image of intracardiac structures, and multiscan echocardiography will enhance the use of conventional echocardiography by providing a more accurate anatomic display of cardiac chambers and outflow vessels.