Brain-targeted M2 macrophage membrane-hybrid biomimetic liposomes for treatment of traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly incidental but effective solutions are absent. Moreover, the secondary injury following TBI is arising due to the Ca2+ influx of injured neural cells. Here, a Ca2+ influx inhibitor, nimodipine, was loaded in M2 macrophage membrane-hybrid biomimetic liposomes (NM2Ls). NM2Ls significantly inhibited the influx of Ca2+ into inflammatory neural cells and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors. More importantly, intravenously injected NM2Ls avoided the clearance of the immune system and targeted the brain via CCR2 following TBI; the inflammation in the brain was greatly alleviated in the TBI mouse model. NM2Ls improved the long-term learning and memory abilities as well as the motor abilities of TBI mice. Oxidative stress indicators were reduced and the repair of nerve cells was improved. NM2Ls is a promising brain-targeted medicine by the biomembrane biomimetic strategy.