Conditions of the calcaneus in skeletally immature patients.

Most conditions of the calcaneus in children, including calcaneal apophysitis, calcaneal fractures, and even intra-articular displaced fractures can be treated successfully with nonoperative methods. Calcaneal bone cysts require surgery only if symptomatic or at risk for pathologic fracture. Calcaneal osteomyelitis must be recognized and treated promptly to prevent severe complications.