Synthesis and biological evaluation of Ellettaria cardamomum (Cardamom) Phytosomes.

Ellettaria cardamomum (Cardamom) is an excellent antioxidant and its phytochemicals possess astounding detox properties. The bioactives of E. cardamomum have low bioavailability due to complex molecular structure. The main aim of this research was to formulate the E. cardamomum loaded phytosomes to improve the bioavailability with better ACE inhibition potential. The phytosomes were prepared by thin layer hydration technique. Various synthetic parameters for formulation of phytosomes were optimized by response surface methodology. Formulated phytosomes were characterized through spectroscopically and their biological activities eg. ACE inhibition were also investigated. Resultantly, the optimal production of phytosomes was achieved with the equal quantity (300 mg) of E. cardamomum and phospholipids at the time of 20 minutes of hydration. UV-Visible spectra confirmed the chemical and physical interaction between phospholipid and bioactives functional groups. The optimized E. cardamomum phytosome had 71% of entrapment efficiency. The average vesicle size of phytosomes was 577.8 nm with polydispersity index 0.443. SEM analysis revealed that phytosomes were spherical in shape. The phytosomes of E. cardamomum showed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than its crude extract. The ACE inhibition activity of phytosomes (46%) was enhanced than the crude extract (39 %).