Sensorimotor Incoordination in Musicians' Dystonia.

To acquire and maintain outstanding sensorimotor skills for playing musical instruments inevitably requires extensive training from childhood. However, on the way toward musical excellence, musicians sometimes develop serious disorders, such as tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and task-specific focal dystonia. Particularly, task-specific focal dystonia in musicians, which is referred to as musician's dystonia (MD), has no perfect cure and therefore often terminates professional careers of musicians. To better understand its pathological and pathophysiological mechanisms, the present article focuses on malfunctions of the sensorimotor system at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Based on emerging empirical evidence, we propose that the aberrant sensorimotor integration, possibly which occurs in both cortical and subcortical systems, underlies not only movement incoordination between the fingers (i.e., maladaptive synergy) but also failure of long-term retention of intervention effects in the patients with MD.