Castration complex. Evidence from men operated for hypospadias.

Thirty-three adult hypospadiacs and 36 matched controls were investigated by means of Rorschach's test, in a double-blind design. From psychoanalytic theory predictions were made about the effects of the influences of the genital malformation and its treatment on the psychological adjustment. The hypospadiacs differed significantly from the controls as predicted. They exhibited more neurotic constriction with less ego-strength and less utilization of resources. Their anxiety and hostility levels were judged higher and they showed less self-esteem and activity as well as less capacity for interpersonal relations. The results are compatible with psychoanalytic theory on the role of castration anxiety in the neurosis formation. The need for psychotherapeutic support for these boys and their parents is stressed.