A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Lamium purpureum L.

In the face of increasing microbial resistance, investigating the medicinal properties of Lamium purpureum L. in order to identify bioactive compounds and develop effective treatments is of particular importance. This study explores the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of this plant. The aerial parts were collected, and after drying, essential oil extraction was performed using water distillation and a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Folin-Ciocâlteu and aluminum chloride methods were used to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the methanolic extract. The DPPH method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were employed to assess the antioxidant activity and antibacterial efficacy of the methanolic extract. A total of 57 compounds were identified in the essential oil, with Germacrene D (14.36%) being the most abundant. The total phenol content was 90.91 ± 0.5 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent (GAE), and the flavonoid content was 104.32 ± 0.9 mg of rutin equivalent per gram of dry sample. The antioxidant activity had an IC50 value of 5659.62 µg/mL. For Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the MIC was 32 mg/mL. These findings indicate that L. purpureum possesses rich phytochemical compounds and significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, providing a basis for developing natural products in the food and pharmaceutical industries.