Herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in a child with chronic progressive white matter lesions: A case report.

RATIONALE: This case is a rare manifestation of central nervous system infection of Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2. Due to few studies in China, it provides a pathological basis for further diagnosis and treatment of HSV-2.

PATIENT CONCERNS: We describe a patient with HSV-2 virus infection who was diagnosed with HSV-2 encephalitis in a Chinese patient.

DIAGNOSIS: Based on brain biopsy and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with HSV-2 encephalitis.

INTERVENTIONS: Hormone and antiviral therapy were given.

OUTCOME: The patient eventually died.

LESSONS: The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease is very difficult. Its differential diagnosis include cerebrovascular disease, bacteria or fungi and other viral infection of the brain.