Augmenting bioactivity of in-situ captured Gd3+/Dy3+co-doped bio-glass by bisphosphonated chitosan-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel scaffold with osteogenic and angiogenic features.

Conventional treatments display the limited ability to treat critical sized bone defects. In this context, the multifunctional hydrogels deliver a new treatment methodology to treat the critical bone disorders. Herein, a three-dimensional porous composite hydrogel with superior mechanical strength and the potential to promote osteogenesis has been fabricated using binary doping of Gd3+/Dy3+ in S53P4 bio-glass integrated PVA/chitosan. The alendronate loaded 10GDBGPC hydrogel provided sustained drug release and their 21 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) promoted apatite formation. The porous nature of the hydrogel facilitated MG63 cell proliferation, which results in substantial mineralisation over the 21 days culture period. The scaffold also displayed multifunctional imaging potential through their enhanced T1 and T2 MRI, CT contrast efficacy, offers visible region fluorescence. This integrated technique contributes to the biomedical potential of hydrogel that enables osseointegration, real-time drug release monitoring and non-invasive imaging.