The chain mediating effect of friendship quality and learning engagement on school climate and primary school students' academic resilience.

Against the backdrop of rising focus to the study of academic resilience, there is still a dearth of relevant exploration for rural primary school students. Focusing on the influencing mechanisms of academic resilience in rural students not only helps children grow, but also contributes to narrowing the urban-rural education gap, thereby realizing educational equity. To explore the specific mechanism of school climate on the academic resilience of primary school students, this study investigated 316 primary school students in Gansu Province, China by using the school climate scale, the academic resilience scale, the friendship quality scale and the learning engagement scale. The results indicate that: (1) school climate has a positive predictive effect on the academic resilience of primary school students; (2) friendship quality and learning engagement are mediating variables between school climate and primary school students' academic resilience, respectively; (3) friendship quality and learning engagement play a chain mediated role between school climate and primary school students' academic resilience. This study empirically reveals the mechanism by which school climate affects academic resilience, providing theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting the development of academic resilience among rural primary school students.