Initiating abstinence in cocaine abusing dually diagnosed homeless persons.

This study measured effectiveness of behavioral day treatment plus abstinence contingent housing and work therapy (DT+) versus behavioral day treatment alone (DT). A randomized controlled trial assessed participants at baseline, 2 and 6 months. Participants (N=110) met criteria for cocaine abuse or dependence, non-psychotic mental disorders, and homelessness. DT+ achieved greater abstinence at 2 and 6 months and more days housed at 6 months than DT. Effectiveness of DT+ was demonstrated, with greatest impacts on abstinence outcomes. Results replicated earlier work demonstrating effectiveness of behavioral day treatment and contingency management as an effective combination for cocaine abusing homeless persons.