2,4-D dimethylammonium toxicity in hybrid catfish: Acetylcholinesterase gene, hematology and histology.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the herbicide 2,4-D dimethylammonium on hybrid catfish at a sub-lethal concentration by evaluating key post-exposure responses, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression, hematological profiles, and histological alterations.

RESULTS

AChE gene expression was characterized using RT-PCR, yielding product sizes of 489 bp for brain tissue and 470 bp for gill tissue. 2,4-D dimethylammonium impacted the cumulative mortality rates, AChE gene expression, blood cell quantity and morphology. Histological revealed that exposure led to degeneration of neurons and vacuolar changes in brain tissue, and partial fusion of lamellae, blood congestion, edema, and hyperplasia in gill tissue.

CONCLUSION

Exposure to 2,4-D dimethylammonium at sub-lethal concentrations led to significant effects on AChE gene expression, blood cell counts and histological alterations hybrid catfish. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and regulating herbicide use to mitigate potential long-term impacts on aquatic life, as well as human health.