The cytopathology of cerebrospinal fluid. I. Nonneoplastic conditions, lymphoma and leukemia.

In this review, the historical background of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathology is presented, with particular emphasis on the technical and cytopreparatory advances that have increased the sensitivity and accuracy of this technique. Normal cells, contaminants and nonneoplastic processes, including a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions, are discussed. The role of central nervous system (CNS) cytopathology in the management of patients with leukemia and lymphoma is presented. This discussion includes the natural history, cytologic presentation and diagnostic pitfalls that are associated with these hematologic diseases.