Respiratory medicine · 2026
Allergen sensitization characteristics and temporal trends in allergic rhinitis: A single-center retrospective study of 2,482 patients in Beijing.
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Liang Xiao, Liu Wenjuan, Qi Huanhuan, Du Juan, Wang Linxuan, Zhang Herui, Zhang Xin, Wu Jing, Wang Hailong, Li Lei, Li Qi
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study characterized the sensitization profile of allergic rhinitis (AR) in a large Beijing cohort, with the objectives of identifying key influencing factors (gender, age, season) and analyzing temporal trends and correlation patterns among specific allergens.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 2482 patients with clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis and at least one positive serum-specific IgE test result at a single center in Beijing (2019-2025). Serum-specific IgE to 20 common inhalant and food allergens was measured. Analyses included univariate and multivariate regression, temporal trend assessment (2020-2024), correlation/clustering, and sensitization severity grading.
RESULTS: Of 2482 patients, 91.74% were sensitized to inhalant allergens and 48.07% to food allergens. In multivariate analysis, Alternaria sensitization was more frequent in males. Sensitization to dust mites, animal dander, and weed pollen was most common in school-aged children and adolescents, whereas sensitization to Alternaria and several food allergens was highest in preschool children. Seasonally, mugwort and ragweed short peaked in autumn and Alternaria in summer. From 2020 to 2024, Alternaria sensitization increased; house dust, dog epithelium, and D. farinae rose from 2020 to 2022 then fell. Three inhalant allergen clusters (house dust mites, animal dander with house dust, and pollens) were identified. High-grade sIgE sensitization (Grades 4-6) was more frequent for Alternaria and mugwort.
CONCLUSION: In this single-center Beijing cohort, sensitization profiles varied distinctly by sex, age, and season, underscoring the need to consider these factors in the clinical evaluation of AR patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 2482 patients with clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis and at least one positive serum-specific IgE test result at a single center in Beijing (2019-2025). Serum-specific IgE to 20 common inhalant and food allergens was measured. Analyses included univariate and multivariate regression, temporal trend assessment (2020-2024), correlation/clustering, and sensitization severity grading.
RESULTS: Of 2482 patients, 91.74% were sensitized to inhalant allergens and 48.07% to food allergens. In multivariate analysis, Alternaria sensitization was more frequent in males. Sensitization to dust mites, animal dander, and weed pollen was most common in school-aged children and adolescents, whereas sensitization to Alternaria and several food allergens was highest in preschool children. Seasonally, mugwort and ragweed short peaked in autumn and Alternaria in summer. From 2020 to 2024, Alternaria sensitization increased; house dust, dog epithelium, and D. farinae rose from 2020 to 2022 then fell. Three inhalant allergen clusters (house dust mites, animal dander with house dust, and pollens) were identified. High-grade sIgE sensitization (Grades 4-6) was more frequent for Alternaria and mugwort.
CONCLUSION: In this single-center Beijing cohort, sensitization profiles varied distinctly by sex, age, and season, underscoring the need to consider these factors in the clinical evaluation of AR patients.