Vanillin cross-linked chitosan gelatin membrane for potential hemodialysis applications.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) causes the buildup of metabolic waste in the body, requiring hemodialysis to replace the kidneys' filtering function. The main challenge in hemodialysis is the membrane's effectiveness, which is often limited by hemocompatibility issues. Therefore, improving membrane materials to enhance hemocompatibility and remove uremic toxins remains a key focus of research. In this study, we used modified natural polymers as materials for hemodialysis membranes. Our goal was to develop chitosan (Cs)-based membranes crosslinked with vanillin (Va) and blended with gelatin (Gel) to improve morphology, transport performance, and hemocompatibility. The membrane showed increased porosity at 78.21%, a higher swelling capacity of 36%, and improved water absorption at 89.63%. It also enhanced the transport of creatinine by 92.35% and urea by 61.01%, while demonstrating an enhanced hydrophilicity of 45.89%. Hemocompatibility tests showed significant improvements, including reduced platelet adhesion, lower hemolysis rates (<2%), and prolonged clotting times compared to unmodified Cs membranes, confirming enhanced blood compatibility. These results position the chitosan/vanillin/gelatin (CVG) membrane as a promising candidate for effective hemodialysis applications.